Fort Vermilion, Alberta
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| Fort Vermilion | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Canada |
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| Province |  Alberta |
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| Region | Northern Alberta | ||
| Census division | 17 | ||
| Municipal District | Mackenzie No. 23 | ||
| Established | 1788 (oldest in Alberta) | ||
| Government [1] | |||
| - Type | Unincorporated | ||
| - Governing body | Mackenzie MD Council | ||
| - MP | Chris Warkentin (Cons - Peace River) | ||
| - MLA | Frank Oberle (PC - Peace River) | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 7 km² (2.7 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 280 m (919 ft) | ||
| Population [2] | |||
| - Total | 871 | ||
| - Density | 124/km² (321.2/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | MST (UTC-7) | ||
| Postal code | T0H 1N0 | ||
| Area code(s) | +1-780 | ||
| Highways | Bicentennial Highway | ||
| Waterways | Peace River | ||
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Fort Vermilion is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada, located on the banks of the Peace River. Established in 1788, it is the oldest European settlement in Alberta.[2] Fort Vermilion contains many modern amenities to serve its inhabitants as well as the surrounding rural community.
The fort was named for the vermilion colored clays lining the river banks. It is the seat of the large Municipal District of Mackenzie No. 23.[1]
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[edit] History
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The area was inhabited by Dunneza (Beaver), Dene and later Cree first nations long before the arrival of European traders and settlers.
Fort Vermilion began as a trading community for the North West Company. The fort was established in 1788, following the expeditions of Alexander MacKenzie. Winter residents would trade furs with the native trappers, then send the furs by river during the summer to exchange points to the east and then to Montreal. The fort was later transferred to the Hudson's Bay Company after the 1821 merger. By 1930, it was a prosperous fur trading post.[3]
The main access to the settlements was by means of the river, using river boats and then ferries to haul materials in the summer months, when the water was not frozen. In 1974 a bridge was built over the Peace River immediately west of Fort Vermilion, effectively ending the winter isolation of the community.
The original Old Bay House, home of the Chief Factor, still exists and is now part of the Fort Vermilion National Historic Site. It was listed as a such in 1968, for its importance as site of North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company posts.[4]
The Visitor Centre is hosted in a 1923 dove-tailed log house. Built on the banks of the Peace River, it was moved to its present location in 1983. Another heritage building is the 1907 Clark House, build for the Hudson's Bay Clerk quarters, and moved in 1994 to the present location near the Visitor Centre. The Trappers Shack , built in 1912, is another dove-tailed log house. It was listed as a provincial Historic Site.[2]
[edit] Geography
Fort Vermilion is located 78 kilometres (48 mi) southeast of High Level on the Bicentennial Highway, and 661 kilometres (411 mi) northwest of Edmonton. Highway 697 runs south-west from the community towards the hamlet of La Crête, located 40 km (25 mi) from Fort Vermilion.
The settlement is one of the northernmost communities in the Peace River Country. Peace Country, in the aspen parkland biome, is Canada's northernmost lands suitable for agriculture. The landscape is dominated by aspen poplars and spruce, occasionally interspersed with areas of grasslands. Wildlife is abundant in the area, and include bears, moose, deer, beavers, foxes, coyotes and Canada geese.[3]
The settlement is situated on the southern banks of the Peace River, at an elevation of 255 m (837 ft) to 282 m (925 ft). The North Vermilion Settlement lies on the opposite (northern) shore of the river, while Fort Vermilion Airport is located 6 km (4 mi) downstream.
The climate is humid continental to subarctic, with long cold winters and short fairly warm summers. Temperatures during the winter can drop to -40 to -50°C. Summer days benefit from long hours of daylight due to its northern location.[3] Mosquitoes are a hazard during the summer months.
[edit] Education
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Two schools are located in Fort Vermilion, both administered by the Fort Vermilion School Division No. 52.[5]
Fort Vermilion Public is part of the public school system and offers education from grade 6 to grade 12. Approximately 150 students attend this school. St. Mary's Elementary functions in the catholic school system and is a Kindergarten to grade 5 school. It has approximately 145 students. It will be expanded to grade 6 in 2008, and the student body is expected to grow to 180.[6]
The Northern Lakes College, established in 1999, has one of its 26 campuses in Fort Vermilion. It was previously known as Alberta Vocational Centre Grouard, and offered education to first nation students.[7]
[edit] Infrastructure
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The Community Complex includes a hockey rink, a dance hall and a curling rink. The Fort Vermilion Heritage Centre manages 25 sites (listed as both provincial and national historic sites), including the old log houses, the Dominion Experimental Farm, first nations and natural history exhibits.[8]
St. Theresa's hospital is a facility built in 1983, offering 36 acute care beds and 10 long term care beds. It employs approximately 76 health workers, and is administered by the Northern Lights Health Region.[9] The Provincial Court of Alberta maintains a circuit court in Fort Vermilion,[10] with the base point located in High Level. The court is hosted in the old hospital building.
The Fantasy North Golf & Country Club is a 9 hole golf course with a 150 years history. Additional facilities include a mini golf park, driving range and clubhouse.
The hamlet also has by a public library[11] and three churches. The St. Lukes Anglican Church Cemetery dates back to 1877. Located east of the settlement is Fort Vermilion Airport (TC LID: CEZ4), administered by the Municipal District of Mackenzie. It is and airstrip that serves Fort Vermilion as well as other settlements in the surrounding area.
The Rodeo Grounds are located 5 kilometers (3 mi) south-west of the community, and host a rodeo every year in July. The event features cattle roping and bucking broncos along with other competition. Other events and festivals held in Fort Vermilion include Canada Day celebrations, Town and Country Fair, River Daze and Arts and Crafts Show.
[edit] Famous residents
Fort Vermilion was the childhood home of writers - and brothers - Will Ferguson and Ian Ferguson. Will vividly describes his childhood there in his travel memoirs Beauty Tips from Moose Jaw. Among other things he mentions that the town was included in the 1976 version of Ghost Towns of Alberta, much to the chagrin of the 840 residents.
Fort Vermilion was also the home of rodeo bare-back riding champion Kenton Randle, who represented Canada in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.[2]
[edit] References
- ^ a b Municipal district of Mackenzie. Retrieved on 2007-02-13.
- ^ a b c d Discover the Peace Country. Hamlet of Fort Vermilion. Retrieved on 2007-02-13.
- ^ a b c St. Mary's School. About Fort Vermilion. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ Parks Canada. Fort Vermilion National Historic Site of Canada. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ Fort Vermilion School District. Retrieved on 2007-02-13.
- ^ St. Mary's School. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ Northern Lakes College. Retrieved on 2008-02-15.
- ^ Alberta Online Encyclopedia. Fort Vermilion Heritage Centre. Retrieved on 2008-08-16.
- ^ Northern Lights Health Region. St. Theresa General Hospital. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ Provincial Court of Alberta. Provincial Court Fort Vermilion. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ Fort Vermilion Community Library. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
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Hay River | Wood Buffalo National Park |
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Wood Buffalo National Park | |||||
 Fort Vermilion  |
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| La Crête Manning |
Slave Lake | Wabasca-Desmarais |
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