Ecoregions in Australia
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Ecoregions in Australia are geographically distinct plant and animal communities, defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature based on geology, soils, climate, and predominant vegetation.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) identified 825 terrestrial ecoregions that cover the earth's land surface, 40 of which cover Australia and its dependent islands. The WWF ecoregions are classified by biome type (Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, tundra, etc.), and into one of eight terrestrial ecozones. Australia, together with New Zealand, New Guinea and neighboring island groups, is part of the Australasia ecozone. The IBRA bioregions informed the delineation of the WWF ecoregions for Australia, and the WWF ecoregions generally follow the same ecoregion boundaries, while often clustering two or more similar bioregions into a larger ecoregion. The ecoregion articles in Wikipedia generally follow the WWF scheme.
The WWF ecoregions are based heavily upon the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) regionalisation. Like the IBRA, it was developed for use as a planning tool for conservation science, with the goal of establishing a system of nature reserves in each of the ecoregions or bioregions sufficient to preserve biodiversity. Both systems also have a prioritization system for establishing preserves; the WWF designated its Global 200 ecoregions as priorities for conservation, and the Department of Environment and Heritage ranks its bioregions high, medium, or low priority, based on "the potential value land reservation in those regions would add to the development of a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system for Australia."
[edit] WWF Ecoregions
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
- Lord Howe Island subtropical forests
- Norfolk Island subtropical forests
- Queensland tropical rain forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
- Eastern Australian temperate forests
- Southeast Australia temperate forests
- Tasmanian Central Highland forests
- Tasmanian temperate forests
- Tasmanian temperate rain forests
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
- Arnhem Land tropical savanna
- Brigalow tropical savanna
- Cape York tropical savanna
- Carpentaria tropical savanna
- Einasleigh upland savanna
- Kimberly tropical savanna
- Mitchell grass downs
- Victoria Plains tropical savanna
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
- Eastern Australia mulga shrublands
- Southeast Australia temperate savanna
Montane grasslands and shrublands
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub
- Coolgardie woodlands
- Esperance mallee
- Eyre and York mallee
- Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands
- Kwongan heathlands
- Mount Lofty woodlands
- Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee
- Naracoorte woodlands
- Southwest Australia savanna
- Southwest Australia woodlands
- Carnarvon xeric shrublands
- Central Ranges xeric scrub
- Gibson Desert
- Great Sandy-Tanami Desert
- Great Victoria Desert
- Nullarbor Plain xeric shrublands
- Pilbara shrublands
- Simpson Desert
- Tirari-Sturt's Stony Desert
- Western Australian mulga shrublands
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