Choriocarcinoma
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Choriocarcinoma Classification and external resources |
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| ICD-10 | C58. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 181 |
| ICD-O: | 9100-9101 |
| DiseasesDB | 2602 |
| MeSH | D002822 |
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant and aggressive cancer, usually of the placenta. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs. It belongs to the far end of the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), a subset of germ cell tumors.
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[edit] Etiology/Epidemiology
Choriocarcinoma of the placenta during pregnancy is preceded by:
- hydatidiform mole (50% of cases)
- Spontaneous abortion (20%of cases)
- ectopic pregnancy (2% of cases)
- normal term pregnancy (20-30% of cases)
Rarely, choriocarcinoma occurs in primary locations other than the placenta; very rarely, it occurs in men.[citation needed]
[edit] Symptoms/Signs/Labs
- increased quantitative β-hCG levels
- vaginal bleeding
- shortness of breath
- hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
- chest pain
- chest X-ray shows multiple infiltrates of various shapes in both lungs
- presents in males as a testicular neoplasm
[edit] Pathology
Characteristic feature is the identification of intimately related syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblasts with out formation of definite placental type villi.
Synctiotriphoblasts are large cells with bizarre nuclei and have a eosinophilic cytoplasm and often surround the cytotrophoblasts.
Cytotrophoblasts are polyhedral and regular cells. Have a clear/eosinophillic cytoplasm with hyperchromatic nuclei.
[edit] Treatment
Choriocarcinoma is one of the tumors that is most sensitive to chemotherapy. The cure rate, even for metastatic choriocarcinoma, is around 90-95%. Virtually everyone without metastases can be cured however metastatic disease to the kidneys and/or brain is usually fatal. Chemotherapy regimen include EMACO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclosphosphamide and oncovin). [1]
Hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) can also be offered[2] to patients > 40 years of age or those desiring sterilization. It may be required for those with severe infection and uncontrolled bleeding.
[edit] References
- ^ Rustin GJ, Newlands ES, Begent RH, Dent J, Bagshawe KD (1989). "Weekly alternating etoposide, methotrexate, and actinomycin/vincristine and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for the treatment of CNS metastases of choriocarcinoma". J. Clin. Oncol. 7 (7): 900–3. PMID 2472471.
- ^ Lurain JR, Singh DK, Schink JC (2006). "Role of surgery in the management of high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia". The Journal of reproductive medicine 51 (10): 773–6. PMID 17086805.
[edit] External links
- MyMolarPregnancy.com Information about molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma
- 00976 at CHORUS
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