Ali-Akbar Davar
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Ali-Akbar Dāvar[1] (1888-1937) (Persian: علیاکبر داور) was the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran.
Born in 1888, he began his career in the judiciary in Iran, after having completed his studies at the élite school of Dar ol-Fonoon (House of Sciences) in Tehran. He then went on to obtain his law degree in Switzerland.[2] He returned to Iran in 1921 and founded the "Radical party of Iran" (Hizb-e Radical). He also founded the newspaper Mard-e Azad ("The Free Man") in which he published regular comments. He was elected to the 4th, 5th, and 6th Majles as the representative of Varamin and Lar from Tehran Province.
Along with the likes of Teymourtash and Farma Farmaian, Dāvar took a lead role among the politicians who voted for the abolition of the Qajar dynasty, opposing such parliamentarians as Sayyed Hasan Taqizadeh, Sayyed Hasan Modarres, Yahya Doulatabadi and Mohammad Mossadegh. In 1925, Dāvar became minister of Commerce in the Foroughi Cabinet, and a year later was appointed Minister of Judicial Affairs in the Cabinet of Mostowfi ol-Mamalek. In March 1926, with the approval of the parliament he dissolved Iran's entire judiciary, initiating a wave of fundamental restructuring and overhauling reforms with the aid of French judicial experts.
Iran's modern judicial system was thus born in April of 1927 with 600 newly-appointed judges in Tehran. Dāvar subsequently attempted to expand the new system into other cities of Iran through a programme involving training of 250 judges.
Among Dāvar's many achievements are establishing Iran's "Bureau of Social Affairs" (Edareh-ye Sabt-e Ahval), introducing "The Law of Documentation Registration" (Qanun-e Sabt-e Asnad), "The Law of Property Registration" (Qanun-e Sabt-e Amlak), and "The Law of Marriage and Divorce" (Qanun-e Ezdevag va Talāq).
Dāvar also implemented some reforms as minister of Finance in the Cabinet of Mohammad-Ali Foroughi. He further established Iran's first state insurance company in the Cabinet of prime minister Mahmud Jam, taking effective steps in saving the state from near bankruptcy by modifying the tax laws.
In December of 1936, he proposed a bill to Majlis that would seal a large contract with two American companies. The bill came under heavy protest from the British and the Russian governments, putting intense pressure on Dāvar's ministry.
On 10 February 1937 the news of Dāvar's apparent suicide took the capital Tehran by storm. Rumors spread that two days earlier Dāvar had been in private severely reprimanded and threatened by Reza Pahlavi. Some newspapers wrote that he had died of a heart attack, however others suggested that his death had been related to his proposed American bill to Majlis.
Dāvar is regarded as one of the most productive ministers during Iran's tumultuous years of the early 20th century, who made sweeping reforms to Iran's judicial system. In commemorating Dāvar, Reza Pahlavi is said to have told to members of the Judiciary: "Don't ever think that you can become as good as Dāvar, by merely sitting in his chair."
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[edit] Notes
- ^ Also known as Mirza Ali-Akbar Khan-e Dāvar.
- ^ In her radio presentation (2), Ms Davar Ardalan (Ali-Akbar Dāvar's great grand daughter) indicates that at age 24 Ali-Akbar Dāvar had been Prosecutor General of Tehran. Further, she mentions that rather than in Switzerland, as indicated in this biography, Ali-Akbar Dāvar studied law in Belgium.
[edit] See also
[edit] Further reading
- Davar Ardalan, My Name Is Iran: A Memoir (Henry Holt and Co., New York, 2007). ISBN 0-805079-203, ISBN 978-0805079203.
[edit] External links
- The Judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- Islamic Republic of Iran Judiciary Public Relations Bureau
- Dāvar's great grand daughter on NPR 2
[edit] Source used for this article
- 'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), Iran in the past three centuries (Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh - ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Vol. 2 (Paktāb Publishing - انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). ISBN 9-649340-653.
