18 (number)
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| 18 | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal | eighteen |
| Ordinal | 18th (eighteenth) |
| Numeral system | octodecimal |
| Factorization |  |
| Divisors | 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 |
| Roman numeral | XVIII |
| Binary | 10010 |
| Octal | 22 |
| Duodecimal | 16 |
| Hexadecimal | 12 |
18 (eighteen) is the natural number following 17 and preceding 19.
Contents |
[edit] In mathematics
Eighteen is a composite number, its proper divisors being 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9. Three of these divisors (3, 6 and 9) add up to 18, hence 18 is a semiperfect number.
It is a heptagonal number, and as the sum of the first three pentagonal numbers, it is a pentagonal pyramidal number. It is also the sum of the totient function for the first seven integers.
The aliquot sum of 18 is 21 and its aliquot sequence is (18,21,11,1,0).
In base 10 it is a Harshad number.
18, aside from 0, is the only number that equals twice the sum of its decimal digits.
[edit] In science
- The atomic number of argon
[edit] In religion and literature
- The Hebrew word for "life" is חי (chai), which has a numerical value of 18. Consequently, the custom has arisen in Jewish circles to give donations and monetary gifts in multiples of 18 as an expression of blessing for long life.
- In Judaism, in the Talmud; Pirkei Avot (5:25), Rabbi Yehudah ben Teime gives the age of 18 as the appropriate age to get married ("Ben shmonah esra lechupah", at eighteen years old to the Chupah (marriage canopy)). (See Coming of age, Age of majority).
- Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 was originally named Catch-18 because of the Hebrew meaning of the number, but was amended to the published title to avoid confusion with another war novel, Mila 18.[1]
- There are 18 chapters in the Bhagavad Gita, which is contained in the Mahabharata, which has 18 books. The Kurukshetra War which the epic depicts, is between 18 armies (11 on the Kuru side, 7 on the Pandava).
[edit] As lucky or unlucky number
- In Chinese tradition, the number 18, normally 十八 (shí bā), can also be read as 幺八 (yāo bā), which sounds like 要发 (yào fā), meaning that one is going to prosper. Thus, building floors numbered "18" are often very expensive in China[citation needed]
[edit] Age 18
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This article or section deals primarily with North America and does not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page. |
In many parts of the world, 18 is the age minimum for purchasing tobacco and alcoholic beverages. It is also the voting age in many countries. During the Vietnam War, Americans could be drafted at an age as low as 18, but were not allowed to vote in most states until they were 21. A movement spread to lower the voting age, and in 1971, the Twenty-sixth Amendment extended a guarantee of suffrage to anyone 18 years or older in all states. The voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in the U.K. and many other nations around that time.
Eighteen is also the age in many countries at which a person may appear in a pornographic video, or express legal consent to sexual relations with another.
In addition, eighteen year-olds in the United States have the right to bear arms, own property, marry without parental consent, get an abortion, donate their body to science, and serve on a jury. With these new privileges come responsibility: eighteen year-olds are tried as adults in court.
In the United Kingdom, eighteen-year-olds can purchase tobacco, alcohol, pornography, go to war, vote, and model for pornography; (but the age of consent is 16).
In many countries 18 is the age of majority.
In many states in which one can obtain a learner's permit without parental consent.
Minimum age at which one can be admitted to, rent, or buy an MPAA rated NC-17 movie. This is also the age at which one can see an NC-17 rated movie.
Minimum age at one can play, rent, or buy an ESRB rated AO game.
Minimum age at which one can rent, buy, or buy tickets to an 18A rated film in Canada without being accompanied by an adult. Ratings in Canada are provincal, so they may vary. A film can be 18A in some provinces and 14A in other province. A film can also be 18A in some provinces and R in other provinces. 18 is also the minimum age at which one can view, rent, or buy an R or an A rated movie.
Minimum age at which one can buy, rent, view, or buy tickets to an 18+ rated movie in the Canadian province of Quebec.
Minimum legal age to drink and/or buy alcohol in many countries in the world.
Minimum age at which one can get a full driver's license in many U.S state and Canadian provinces.
Minimum age to drive a car in many countries in the world. See also: 18 certificate, Coming of age
Minimum age in which one can enter a pub or a club in the UK.
Minimum age at wich you can legally buy marijuana in the Netherlands.
[edit] In other fields
Eighteen is also:
- a 2005 movie directed by Richard Bell and starring Brendan Fletcher and Alan Cumming.
- Jersey number of NHL star Marian Hossa.
- Bobby Labonte's car number in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series when he won the 2000 Championship. This is J. J. Yeley's car number until the end of the 2007 Nextel Cup Season. Kyle Busch will take the car number in 2008.
- A 2002 album by electronic artist Moby.
- The number of holes in a stipulated round of golf
- The number of chapters into which James Joyce's epic novel Ulysses is divided
- Russ Wheeler's car number in the film Days of Thunder
- A slang term used in association football for the Penalty Area
- The number of wheels on the most common type of North American tractor-trailer truck, which are hence often called 18-wheelers
- The customary percentage to tip a waitress in a restaurant by groups of four or more[citation needed]
- The number of the French department Cher and the Turkish province Bitlis
- DVD-18 is double-sided, double-layered DVD format
- A Canon error message, see E18 error
- In neo-Nazi circles, a code word for Adolf Hitler. The number comes from the position of the letters in the alphabet: A = 1, H = 8. See also 88
- 18 (Dragon Ball), a fictional character in the metaseries Dragon Ball.
- 18th Street gang, a Hispanic American gang
- Jersey number of football player Peyton Manning.
- Jersey number of football player Sage Rosenfels.
- Jersey number of former basketball player Phil Jackson
- Jersey number of baseball player Héctor Luna.
- Uniform number of former baseball player Don Larsen. The number shows prominently in a photograph taken just before the last pitch he made in his perfect game in the 1956 World Series. (When this picture was printed in Baseball's Unforgettable Games by Joseph Reichler and Ben Olan in 1960, they gave it the caption "The Writing on the Wall.")
- The Hindu epic Mahabharata has eighteen sections, involves eighteen armies and is about a war fought over eighteen days
- The sacred literature of the Hindus known as Bhagavad Gita has eighteen chapters.
- In some countries the number 18 means blood (relative)
- In the Chinese mythos, Hell has 18 levels
- In Chinese folklore, the Shaolin temple had a group of 18 Bronze Monks. Initiates could only be considered full graduates of Shaolin martial arts if they could defeat them in combat.
- Eighteen Visions (often abbreviated to 18V), an alternative metal/metalcore band from Ornage County, California.
- Eighteen Eighteen, a South African Rap artist.
[edit] Historical years
A.D. 18, 18 B.C., 1918, 2018, etc.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ N James. The Early Composition History of Catch-22. In Biographies of Books: The Compositional Histories of Notable American Writings, J Barbour, T Quirk (edi.) pp. 262-90. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996
