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China's automobile industry is in rapid development since year 2000. In 2006, 7.189 million motor vehicles were manufactured in China, surpassing Germany as the third largest automobile maker.
[edit] Overview
[edit] Automotive
China is set to become the world’s second largest new automobile growth market by the end of 2006 and this growth is spurring demand for automotive parts, services, and after-care products. China is presently capable of manufacturing a complete line of automobile products and large automotive enterprises. Major domestic firms include the China First Automobile Group Corp. (FAW), Dongfeng Motor Corp. (DMC) and Shanghai Automotive Industry (Group) Corp. (SAIC).
China had a total of 6322 automotive enterprises by the end of November 2006. The total output value of the automotive sector for the first three quarters of 2006 was US$143 billion. Since 2002, 50% of all motor vehicles (cars and trucks) in China had been purchased by individuals. As incomes increase the high annual growth rate of private ownership is expected to accelerate.
[edit] Alternative fuel vehicles
China encourages the development of clean and fuel efficient vehicles in an effort to sustain continued growth of the country’s automobile industry (see Fuel economy in automobiles). By the end of 2007, China plans to reduce the average fuel consumption per 100 km for all types of vehicles by 10%. The proportion of vehicles burning alternative fuel will be increased to help optimize the country’s energy consumption. Priority will be given to facilitating the research and development of electric and hybrid vehicles as well as alternative fuel vehicles, especially CNG/LNG. Major cities like Beijing and Shanghai already require Euro III emission standards.
[edit] Auto parts
Currently auto parts and accessories enjoy lower levels of tariffs than cars (the average tariff is 10-13% for parts/accessories and 25% for cars). China has agreed to lower tariffs on imported auto parts and accessories to 10%. Although this difference in duty rate was initially responsible for an increase in car kit imports, the loophole has been tightened. Now, only replacement parts and accessories enter China under the lower duty level.....
[edit] Used motor vehicles and used/refurbished auto parts
Although there are case-by-case exceptions for antiques and diplomats, it is currently illegal to import used motor vehicles into China. Refurbished heavy construction equipment can be imported with a special permit. Used and refurbished auto parts are not allowed to be imported into China.
[edit] Automotive after-sales products and services
Although improvements have been made in this field in the past decade, China's after-sales products and services still lag far behind those of developed countries. However, WTO commitments have brought about significant changes in the after-sale market. China’s aftercare market now faces the following challenges:
- Establishing an information feedback system with end-users in order to improve service;
- Modernizing outdated sales systems;
- Increasing the competitiveness of domestic auto parts and accessories;
- Clamping down on counterfeit products.
[edit] History
[edit] 1928-1949
Zhang Xueliang founded his arsenal to make one truck called Ming Sheng in 1931
another general Yang Hucheng patronized the inventionist Tang Zhongming to make a new type of mobile energized by charcoal.
[edit] 1949-1980
- 1956: The first modern automobile factory First Automobile Works began production.
- March 10, 1958: The first 2½ tonnes light duty truck (NJ130), which was based on the Russian GAZ (GAZ-51?), was produced in Nanjing. Named 'Guerin' brand by China's First Ministry of Industrial Machinery.
- June 1958: Nanjing Automobile Work, which previously was a unit in the Third Field Army, was established. The truck production continued until the last truck (NJ134) rolled off the assembly line on July 9, 1987. Cumulative production was 161,988 (Includes versions like: NJ130, 230, 135 and 134).
- late 1950s to 1960s: Several automobile factories were set up in Nanjing (today is Nanjing Automobile (Group) Corporation, Shanghai (today is Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation), Jinan (evolving into China National Heavy Duty Truck Group), and Beijing (today is Beijing Automotive Industry).
- 1968: The Second Automobile Works (later Dongfeng Motor Corporation) was founded.
Three big joint-ventures and three small joint-ventures:
- See also: Volkswagen Group China
[edit] After 1990
Several enterprises entered the automobile industry since 1990. Some of them are originated from defense industry, such as Chang'an Motors, Changhe, and Hafei Motor; some were developed from old state-owned companies, such as Brilliance China Auto, BYD Auto, Chery Automobile, and Changfeng Automobile; others are private-owned companies, such as Geely Automobile, Great Wall Motors.
[edit] Historic Data
Automobile production by year
| Year |
Production (in million units) |
| 1992 |
1.0 |
| 1999 |
1.2 |
| 2000 |
2.07 |
| 2001 |
2.33 |
| 2002 |
3.25 |
| 2003 |
4.44 |
| 2004 |
5.07 |
| 2005 |
5.71 |
| 2006 |
7.28 |
| 2007 |
8.88 |
[edit] Domestic Manufactures
[edit] Joint Venture Manufactures
In 2005, 5,707,688 motor vehicles were manufactured in China. The following 13 foreign makers have joint venture factories, with local partners, in China.
[edit] Toyota
Currently Toyota is the only company making hybrids in China. It sold 2,000 in 2006.
Toyota (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
Buses |
| 150 078 |
146 943 |
3 135 |
|
|
[edit] Nissan
Nissan (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
Buses |
| 179 034 |
166 938 |
12 096 |
|
|
Honda (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
| 254 820 |
254 820 |
|
|
[edit] Suzuki
Suzuki (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
| 139 536 |
139 536 |
|
|
Mazda-Autoalliance (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
| 107 929 |
107 929 |
|
|
[edit] Daihatsu
Daihatsu (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
Buses |
| 1 290 |
1 290 |
|
|
[edit] Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
| 18 540 |
18 540 |
|
|
FIAT-Iveco (2005)
|
Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
Buses |
| FIAT |
32 856 |
32 856 |
|
|
|
| Iveco |
18 235 |
|
5 620 |
|
12 615 |
Isuzu (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
|
| 23 214 |
|
|
23 214 |
Chana&Changan (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
Bus and Coaches |
| 145 498 |
59 827 |
85 671 |
|
|
[edit] General Motors
GM Shanghai&SAIC (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
Buses |
| 346 697 |
308 290 |
38 407 |
|
|
[edit] PSA Peugeot-Citroen
Peugeot-Citroen(2005)
|
Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
Buses |
| Citroën |
101 839 |
101 839 |
|
|
|
-
VW (2005)
| Total motor vehicles |
Passenger cars |
Light commercial vehicles |
Heavy trucks |
|
| 430 600 |
430 592 |
|
|
[edit] References
