洛杉磯國際機場
维基百科，自由的百科全书
| 洛杉磯國際機場 Los Angeles International Airport |
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| 机场类型 | 民用國際 | ||
| 管理机构 | 洛杉磯世界機場 Los Angeles World Airports |
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| 啟用日期 | 1928年10月1日 | ||
| 關閉日期 | {{{closed}}} | ||
| 服务城市 | 美國加州洛杉磯 | ||
| 市區距離 | 市區內 | ||
| 海拔高度 | 126英尺/38.4公尺 | ||
| 机场代码 | |||
| IATA | ICAO | ||
| LAX | KLAX | ||
| 地理位置 | |||
| 坐标：北纬33度56分33秒，西经118度24分29秒 | |||
| 跑道 | |||
| 方向 | 長度 | 表面 | |
| 呎 | 米 | ||
| 7L/25R | 12,090 | 3,685 | 柏油 |
| 7R/25L 關閉整修中 |
11,095 | 3,382 | 柏油 |
| 6R/24L | 10,285 | 3,135 | 柏油 |
| 6L/24R | 8,925 | 2,720 | 柏油 |
| {{{runway5_heading}}} | {{{runway5_feet}}} | {{{runway5_meter}}} | {{{runway5_surface}}} |
| {{{runway6_heading}}} | {{{runway6_feet}}} | {{{runway6_meter}}} | {{{runway6_surface}}} |
| {{{runway7_heading}}} | {{{runway7_feet}}} | {{{runway7_meter}}} | {{{runway7_surface}}} |
| 直升機停機坪 | |||
| 編號 | 長度 | 表面 | |
| zh-hans:英尺;zh-hk:呎 | 米 | ||
| {{{helipad1}}} | {{{helipad1_feet}}} | {{{helipad1_meter}}} | {{{helipad1_surface}}} |
| 統計 | |||
| {{{stat_year}}} | |||
| 乘客流量 | {{{stat_passenger}}} | ||
| 貨運量 | {{{stat_cargo}}} | ||
| 升降班次 | {{{stat_flight}}} | ||
洛杉磯國際機場(Los Angeles International Airport, IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX)是美國加州大洛杉磯地區的主要機場。當地人一般皆以洛杉磯國際機場的代號「LAX」來稱呼該機場(其英文讀法為每個字母各別發音)。
就搭乘直達班機的旅客數量而言(非銜接航班)，在全球眾多機場之中，洛杉磯國際機場名列前茅。以服務的總旅客數量與貨物的總重來看，洛杉磯國際機場之客運業務為全球第五大[1]、貨運業務則是第六大。在2005年，服務超過6千萬旅客和2百萬頓貨物。洛杉磯國際機場不但是加州最繁忙的客運機場，在美國，也是第三大之機場(但若僅單計算國際旅客數量，洛杉磯國際機場則排名第二，僅次於第一大的紐約甘迺迪國際機場[2]，全球則是排名第20名)。
往來洛杉磯國際機場的航班遍及北美洲、拉丁美洲、歐洲、亞洲、和大洋洲，共計連接87個美國國內機場與69個外國之機場。在該機場，最主要的航空公司為聯合航空(佔19.57%的旅客流量，包含聯合快捷(United Express)，其次為美國航空(American Airlines)(15%)和西南航空(Southwest Airlines)(12.7%)[3]。同時，也是阿拉斯加航空(Alaska Airlines)和達美航空(Delta Air Lines)國際與國內航線的主要航點。
洛杉磯國際機場緊鄰太平洋，位於洛杉磯市中心西南方約15英里(24公里)處，佔地3425英畝(14平方公里)。因為機場位於太平洋岸邊，濃霧有時影響班機起降，此時，部份航班會選擇就近轉降47英里(76公里)外聖博那蒂諾縣(San Bernardino)的安大略國際機場。
僅管洛杉磯國際機場是該地區最大的機場，但由於洛杉磯地區幅員廣大，此一地區內同時擁有為數不少的民用機場。事實上，有些著名的景點，如Hollywood，離這些小機場的距離，要比到洛杉磯國際機場要近得許多。
附帶一提，洛杉磯國際機場是最有名民航飛機迷觀賞飛機的機場之一。其中，Imperial Hill 地區為著名觀機的地點，整個機場的南面由此處可一覽無遺。此外，位在24左跑道與24右跑道端靠近 In-N-Out 漢堡速食店旁的草地，更是飛機迷經常造訪之處。在此處觀賞民航班機，最大的好處，是有機會可以看到各種不同機型，飛越頭頂上空而降落的壯觀景像。
目录 |
[编辑] 歷史
1928年，洛杉磯市政府在南部Westchester的640亩(2.6平方公里) 建設新的機場。The fields of wheat, barley and lima beans were converted into dirt landing strips without any terminal buildings. It was named Mines Field for William W. Mines, the real estate agent who arranged the deal.[1]機場的第一座建築 是1號後來被列為美國國家歷史古跡。
Mines Field was dedicated and opened as the official airport of Los Angeles in 1930, and the city purchased it to be a municipal airfield in 1937. 1941年正式將名稱改為洛杉磯機場，1949年改名為洛杉磯國際機場（LAX）。[2] Prior to that time, the main airport for Los Angeles was the Grand Central Airport in Glendale.
Until this time, the entire airport was located east of Sepulveda Boulevard. As the airport expanded westward to meet the Pacific Ocean, a tunnel was completed in 1953 so that Sepulveda Boulevard would pass underneath the airport's runways. It was the first tunnel of its kind.[2]
In 1958 the architecture firm Pereira & Luckman was contracted to design a master plan for the complete re-design of the airport in anticipation of the "jet age". The plan, developed along with architects Welton Becket and Paul Williams, called for a massive series of terminals and parking structures to be built in the central portion of the property, with these buildings connected at the center by a huge steel-and-glass dome. The plan was never fully realized, and shortly thereafter the Theme Building was constructed on the site originally intended for the dome.
The distinctive white "Theme Building," constructed in 1961, resembles a flying saucer that has landed on its four legs. A restaurant that provides a sweeping view of the airport is suspended beneath two intersecting arches that form the legs. The Los Angeles City Council designated the building a cultural and historical monument in 1992. A $4 million renovation, with retro-futuristic interior and electric lighting designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, was completed before the "Encounter Restaurant" opened there in 1997.[3] At one time, tourists and passengers were able to take the elevator up to the roof of the "Theme Building", but after the September 11 attacks, the rooftop was closed off to everyone for security reasons. It was once said the rooftop would reopen for public use, but that was determined to be a rumor.
The first jet service appeared at LAX in 1959, transporting passengers between LAX and New York. The first wide-bodied jets appeared in 1970 when TWA flew Boeing 747s between LAX and New York.[2]
為準備1984年夏季奧林匹克運動員，1981年花費7億美元擴建。 To streamline traffic flow and ease congestion, the U-shaped roadway leading to the terminal entrances was given a second level, with the lower level dedicated to picking up arriving passengers and the upper level dedicated to dropping off departing passengers. Two new terminals (Terminal 1 and the International Terminal) were constructed and Terminal 2, then two decades old, was rebuilt. Multi-story parking structures were also built in the center of the airport.[2]
1982年7月8日，groundbreaking for the two new terminals were conducted by Mayor Tom Bradley and World War II aviator General James Doolittle. The $123 million, 963,000 square foot International Terminal was opened on June 11, 1984 and named in Bradley's honor.[2]
In 1996, a new 277 foot (84 m) tall air traffic control tower, with overhanging awnings that shade the windows and make the building vaguely resemble a palm tree, was constructed at a cost of $29 million.[2]
In 2000, prior to Los Angeles hosting the Democratic National Convention. fourteen acrylic glass cylinders, each up to ten stories high, were placed in a circle around the intersection of Sepulveda Boulevard and Century Boulevard, with additional cylinders of decreasing height following Century Boulevard eastward. The cylinders, lit from inside, slowly cycle through a rainbow of colors, and provide an additional landmark for visitors arriving by air at night. This was part of an overall facelift that included new signage and various other cosmetic enhancements.
At various points in its history, LAX has been a hub for TWA, Air California, Continental, Delta, PSA, USAir, Western Airlines, and the Flying Tiger Line.
Starting in the mid-1990s under Los Angeles Mayors Richard Riordan and James Hahn modernization and expansion plans for LAX were prepared only to be stymied by a coalition spearheaded by residents who live near the airport angry at noise, pollution and traffic impacts of the existing facility. In late 2005 newly elected L.A. Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa was able to reach a compromise allowing some modernization to go forward while efforts are made to encourage future growth be spread among other facilities in the region.
On July 29 2006 Runway 7R/25L was closed for reconstruction until March 25 2007. The reconstruction was to move the runway 55英呎（16.764 公尺） south to prevent runway incursions and prepare the runway for the next generation of Airbus A380. The newly moved runway also has storm drains, and enhanced runway lighting, something that the other 3 runways do not have. The reconstruction of runway 25L made way for a central taxiway in between runways 25L and 25R. Currently, the central taxiway between runways 25L and 25R is under construction and is expected to be completed in 2008.
On September 18, 2006, Los Angeles World Airports started a $503 million facelift of the Tom Bradley International Terminal. Improvements include installing new paging, air conditioning and electrical systems, along with new elevators, escalators, baggage carousels and a digital sign that will automatically update flight information. Also a large explosives-detection machine will be incorporated into the terminal's underground baggage system, in which the federal government will fund part of the system.
According to the Los Angeles Times, in February 2007, many airlines flying outside of the United States have reduced flights to LAX and moved to other airports, such as San Francisco International Airport and McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas, Nevada due to outdated terminals. Airlines flying out of the Tom Bradley International Terminal have reduced flights because the International Terminal is 22 years old and has not been upgraded.[4]
In response to the report, the $500 million Tom Bradley International Terminal project began immediately.
On March 19, 2007, the Airbus A380 made its debut at LAX, landing on runway 24L. LA city officials fought for the super-jumbo jet to land at LAX, in addition to making its US debut in New York's JFK airport.[5]
On August 15, 2007, the Los Angeles City Council approved a $1.2 billion project to construct a new 10 gate terminal to handle international flights using the A380.[6] Adding the first new gates built since the early 1980s, the new structure is to be built directly west of the Tom Bradley International Terminal on a site that is occupied mostly by aircraft hangars with passengers ferried to the building by an underground people mover extending from the terminal.[6] It is expected to be completed in 2012.
On March 31, 2008, the Los Angeles Times reported that international airlines were once again flocking to LAX's Tom Bradley International Terminal and have added or are announcing several flights to a variety of existing and new destinations. The weak dollar has caused a surge in demand for US travel, and among the new airlines at LAX are Alitalia, V Australia, and Emirates Airlines, the latter of which stated that they chose LAX over other airports such as San Francisco International because they saw greater potential in the more lucrative Southern California market. In addition, Korean Air, Qantas Airlines, Air China, and Air France are all adding new routes, and Brazilian carriers TAM Airlines and OceanAir are planning to begin service, as is a new British airline that will be offering all-business-class round trip flights on the busy Los Angeles-London route. Most of the new flights will start in mid to late 2008 and will raise the number of travelers to the airport to pre-9/11 levels. The influx of new flights comes amidst the renovation of the airport and underscores LAX's status as the international gateway of the US West Coast.[7]
[编辑] The "X" in LAX
Before the 1930s, existing airports used a two-letter abbreviation based on the weather station at the airports. So, at that time, LA served as the designation for Los Angeles International Airport. But, with the rapid growth in the aviation industry, the designations expanded to three letters, and LA became LAX. The letter X does not otherwise have any specific meaning in this identifier.[8] Portland International Airport in Oregon also has a similar code: PDX. "LAX" is also used for the International Port of Los Angeles located in San Pedro and for the Amtrak-serving Union Station in downtown.
[编辑] 航廈以及航空公司
洛杉磯國際機場共有九個航廈，排列成馬蹄形，其中由接駁公車接送往來旅客。除了旅客航廈外，洛杉磯國際機場另有佔地200萬平方英尺(18.6萬平方公尺)的貨運設施，並設有一個直升機起降場。
[编辑] 第一航廈(Terminal 1)
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
- 西南航空(Southwest Airlines) - (阿布奎基、奧斯汀、巴爾的摩/華盛頓特區、芝加哥-中途、艾爾帕索、休士頓-哈比、堪薩斯城、拉斯維加斯、奈許維爾、奧克蘭、費城、鳳凰城、雷諾/太浩湖、沙加緬度、聖路易斯、鹽湖城、聖安東尼奧、聖荷西、土桑)
- 全美航空(US Airways) - (夏洛特、費城、匹茲堡)
- 全美航空 - (拉斯維加斯、鳳凰城) 由美西航空(America West Airlines)飛行
- 全美快捷(US Airways Express) - (拉斯維加斯、鳳凰城、普多幕拉塔(Puerto Vallarta)) 由梅薩航空(Mesa Airlines)飛行
[编辑] 第二航廈(Terminal 2)
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
- 加拿大航空(Air Canada) (卡加利、多倫多、溫哥華)
- 中國國際航空(Air China) (北京)
- 法國航空(Air France) (大溪地-帕皮提、巴黎-戴高樂)
- 美國空運司令部(Air Mobility Command)
- 紐西蘭航空(Air New Zealand) (阿皮亞、奧克蘭、倫敦-希斯洛、南地、大溪地-帕皮提)
- Aviacsa (蒙特瑞)
- Avianca (波哥大)
- 夏威夷航空(Hawaiian Airlines) (檀香山)
- 荷蘭皇家航空(KLM Royal Dutch Airlines) (阿姆斯特丹)
- 西北航空(Northwest Airlines) (底特律、香港、檀香山、印第安納波里、拉斯維加斯、孟菲斯、密爾瓦基、明尼阿波里斯/聖保羅、東京-成田)
- 中美洲航空(TACA) (離開：瓜地馬拉市、聖荷西、聖薩爾瓦多)
- 維京大西洋航空(Virgin Atlantic Airways) (倫敦-希斯洛)
[编辑] 第三航廈(Terminal 3)
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
- 穿越航空(AirTran Airways) - (亞特蘭大、印第安納波里)
- 阿拉斯加航空(Alaska Airlines) - (坎昆、瓜達拉哈拉(Guadalajara)、依克思塔帕(Ixtapa)/奇瓦添侯(Zihuatanejo)、拉巴斯、羅瑞多(Loreto)、洛斯卡波斯(Los Cabos)、瑪莎特蘭(Mazatlan)、墨西哥市、波特蘭(OR)、普多幕拉塔(Puerto Vallarta)、舊金山、西雅圖-塔科馬、史坡堪(Spokane)、溫哥華、華盛頓-雷根)
- ATA航空(ATA Airlines) - (檀香山、卡互陸依)
- 邊疆航空(Frontier Airlines) - (丹佛、舊金山)
- 中西航空(Midwest Airlines) - (堪薩斯城、密爾瓦基)
- 太陽國航空(Sun Country Airlines) - (明尼阿波利斯/聖保羅)
- 衛斯捷航空(WestJet) - (卡加利)
[编辑] 第四航廈(Terminal 4)
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
- 美國航空(American Airlines) - (奧斯丁、波士頓、芝加哥-歐海爾、達拉斯/沃斯堡、丹佛、羅德岱堡、檀香山、卡互陸依、可納、利互也、倫敦-希斯洛、洛斯卡波斯、邁阿密、納許維爾、紐華克、紐約-甘迺迪、奧蘭多、聖安東尼奧、舊金山、聖胡安、聖薩爾瓦多、聖路易斯、東京-成田、多倫多、華盛頓-杜勒斯)
- 澳洲航空(Qantas) - 參見湯姆·布蘭得利國際航廈項目
[编辑] 第五航廈(Terminal 5)
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
- Aerolitoral (來往墨西哥各城市如 Culiacán, Hermosillo, La Paz 與 Monterrey)
- Aeroméxico (在第五航廈僅提供入境服務)
- Air Jamaica (來往西印度群島牙買加之Montego Bay)
- Delta Air Lines (來往墨西哥之Acapulco, Cancún,Guadalajara,Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo; 瓜地馬拉首府Guatemala City; 賴比瑞亞(Liberia); 美國本土亞特蘭大(Atlanta);波士頓(Boston);辛辛那提(Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky; 俄亥俄州首府Columbus; 佛羅里達州北部之Orlando，中部之Tampa,與南部之Fort Lauderdale; 康乃迪克州首府Hartford; 夏威夷州首府檀香山(Honolulu), 夏威夷州Maui島的Kahului; 紐約市約翰甘迺迪機場(JFK)，那瓜迪亞機場(LaGuardia); 北卡羅來納州首府Raleigh, 猶他州首府鹽湖城(Salt Lake City))
- Delta Connection (由Atlantic Southeast Airlines經營) (往來墨西哥城市Culiacán, Hermosillo,Manzanillo, Mazatlán, Torreon,Zacatecas, 玻利維亞之La Paz, 阿根廷之Loreto, 美國本土之拉斯維加斯(Las Vegas), 奧克蘭(Oakland), 加州首府Sacramento, 舊金山(San Francisco), 聖荷西(San Jose))
- Spirit Airlines (底特律)
[编辑] 第六航廈(Terminal 6)
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
- Aeroméxico 本航廈只提供出發班機，前往墨西哥之 Aguascalientes、Cancún、Culiacán、瓜達加哈拉、León及墨西哥城。
- 大陸航空 往來俄亥俄州克里夫蘭，夏威夷州之壇香山及Kahului， 德州之 Houston-Intercontinental與Newark
- Continental Express 由ExpressJet Airlines經營，往來 墨西哥之 Aguascalientes Durango，León 與Morelia
- Copa Airlines 來往巴拿馬共和國之巴拿馬市(Panama City)
- 達美航空 參見第五航廈
- Delta Connection 由SkyWest經營，來往猶他州首府鹽湖城(Salt Lake City)
- 聯合航空 國際班機入境，來自 墨西哥之Cancún, Guatemala City, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Mexico City, 薩爾瓦多之首府聖薩爾瓦多(San Salvador), 英國倫敦，澳洲之墨爾本(Melbourne)與雪梨(Sydney), 日本東京(Tokyo-Narita) (聯合航空在第六航廈與第七航廈經營國際與國內航線)
- Virgin America 經營往來紐約(約翰甘迺迪機場)，舊金山，西雅圖(四月八日起)與華盛頓特區(杜勒斯Dulles機場)之國內航班。
[编辑] 第七航廈(Terminal 7)
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
- 聯合航空(United Airlines) - (巴爾的摩/華盛頓DC、波士頓、芝加哥-歐海爾、達拉斯/沃斯堡、丹佛、瓜地馬拉市、檀香山、卡互陸依、可納、利互也、倫敦-希斯洛、墨爾本、墨西哥市、紐奧良、紐約-甘迺迪、紐華克、奧蘭多、費城、波特蘭(OR)、沙加緬度、舊金山、聖薩爾瓦多、西雅圖-塔科馬、雪梨、東京-成田、華盛頓-杜勒斯)
[编辑] 第八航廈(Terminal 8)
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
- 聯合航空(United Airlines)
[编辑] 湯姆·布蘭得利國際航廈
使用此航廈的航空公司與其往來城市如下：
湯姆·布蘭得利國際航廈（Tom Bradley International Terminal）於1984年夏季奧運時開放，也是以洛杉磯第一個非洲裔和在任最久(20年)的市長，湯姆·布蘭得利，而命名。湯姆·布蘭得利國際航廈位於旅客航廈西側、第三和第四航廈之間。
- 愛爾蘭航空(Aer Lingus) - (都柏林)
- 俄羅斯航空(Aeroflot) - (莫斯科-Sheremetyevo)
- 印度航空(Air India) - (德里、法蘭克福、孟買)
- 太平洋航空(Air Pacific) - (拿迪)
- 新大溪地航空(Air Tahiti Nui) - (帕比提、巴黎-戴高樂)
- 阿拉斯加航空(Alaska Airlines) - 到達
- 全日空(All Nippon Airways) - (東京-成田)
- 韓亞航空(Asiana Airlines) - (首爾-仁川)
- 英國航空(British Airways) - (倫敦-希斯洛)
- 國泰航空(Cathay Pacific) - (香港)
- 中華航空(China Airlines) - (臺北-桃園)
- 中國東方航空(China Eastern Airlines) - (北京、上海-浦東)
- 中國南方航空 (廣州)
- 巴拿馬航空(Copa Airlines) - 到達
- 以色列航空(El Al) - (特拉維夫、多倫多)
- 長榮航空(EVA Air) - (臺北-桃園)
- 日本航空(Japan Airlines) - (東京-成田)
- 大韓航空(Korean Air) - (首爾-仁川、東京-成田)
- 智利國家航空(LAN Airlines) - (利馬、聖地牙哥)
- 祕魯國家航空(LAN Peru) - (利馬)
- 空運國際(LTU International) - (杜塞道夫)
- 德國漢莎航空(Lufthansa) - (法蘭克福、慕尼黑)
- 馬來西亞航空(Malaysia Airlines) - (吉隆坡、臺北-桃園)
- 墨西哥航空(Mexicana) - (坎昆、瓜達拉哈拉、里昂(León)、洛斯卡波斯(Los Cabos)、瑪莎特蘭(Mazatlán)、墨西哥市、摩瑞里亞(Morelia)、薩卡特卡斯(Zacatecas))
- 墨西哥Click航空(Click Mexicana) - (圖利昂(Torreón))
- 菲律賓航空(Philippine Airlines) - (馬尼拉)
- 澳洲航空(Qantas) - (奧克蘭、布里斯班、墨爾本、雪梨)
- 新加坡航空(Singapore Airlines) - (新加坡-樟宜、臺北-桃園、東京-成田)
- 瑞士國際航空(Swiss International Air Lines) - (蘇黎世)
- 中美洲航空(TACA) - 到達
- 泰國航空(Thai Airways International) - (曼谷)
[编辑] 包機
- Interstate Jet
- Miami Air
- Omni Air International
- World Airways
- PrivatAir
[编辑] 機場交通
公路
要駕車往來洛杉磯國際機場，可經由405號高速公路Century大道出口，或105號高速公路Sepulveda大道出口抵達。
捷運
捷運系統無法直接抵達乘洛杉磯國際機場，但是可先搭乘捷運綠線輕軌系統抵達Aviation/I-105站，再轉乘免費機場接駁公車(G線)前往機場。接駁公車每十分鐘發車一班。(早在原本的規劃案中，捷運綠線可直接抵達機場。然而，受到機場外圍停車業者的抗議，與施工經費之短絀，計畫因而延後。)
市區與機場接駁公車
自2006年3月15日起，機場管理處開始了往來市區與機場的接駁公車服務。車程約45分鐘，單程票價美金3元，提供收費室內停車，每天4到6元，最多可停放30天。3處發車點如下:
(1)市中心聯合車站(Union Station)。搭乘捷運紅線、紫線與黃線，或鐵路可抵達該站。
(2)位於Van Nuys機場旁。
(3)Westwood加州大學洛杉磯分校36號停車場旁。
此外，部分航空公司可讓旅客可於上車處，額外繳付美金5元，便可辦理班機報到，領取登機證與托運行李手續。唯此服務僅限於來往美國本土50州的旅客，國際旅客無法適用。此服務的時間為每天凌晨四點三十分至晚間七點。提供此一服務的航空公司有美國航空與其子公司American Eagle，阿拉斯加航空，大陸航空，Delta Airlines，Horizon Air，西北航空公司，Ted Airlines，聯合航空與其子公司 United Express，與美西航空。
停車
洛杉磯國際機場外圍之停車場眾多，其收費價格大致以該停車場據機場之遠近而定。所有的停車場均提供往來機場各航厦的接駁服務。
[编辑] Flight Path Learning Center
The Flight Path Learning Center is located at 6661 Imperial Highway and was formerly known as the "West Imperial Terminal." This building used to house some charter flights (Condor Airlines) and regular scheduled flights by MGM Grand Air. It sat empty for 10 years until it was re-opened as a learning center for LAX.
The center contains information on the history of aviation, several pictures of the airport, as well as aircraft scale models, flight attendant uniforms, and general airline swag (playing cards, china, magazines, signs, even a TWA gate information sign). If you ask nicely, one of the fine docents (who are usually retired flight attendants who started work in the 1950s or have been working at the airport for many years) will be glad to open one of the restricted access doors and allow you to stand out on the tarmac (behind a small fence) to get shots of the south side. The center is open Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and the first Saturday of each month from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. While it does not provide the greatest shots for planespotters, it is definitely worth a visit.
[编辑] 相關事故
- 1956年6月30日，兩架TWA航空(Lockheed Super Constellation機型)與聯合航空(麥道DC-7機型)飛往美國東岸的班機，先後在三分鐘的間隔內由洛杉磯國際機場起飛離場。在飛經亞利桑那州大峽谷之非管制空域時，兩架班機相撞，事故共造成128人罹難。
- 1969年1月13日，一架飛自西雅圖正準備要近場的Scandinavian航空麥道DC-8班機(SK-933)，於當地時間晚間7時21分，墜毀在距離機場西邊約六哩的聖塔莫尼卡海灣。班機上載有9名機組員與36名乘客，事故造成3名機組員與12名乘客溺斃。
- 1969年1月18日，一架聯合航空波音727-22C型班機(機身編號N7434U)，於當地時間晚間6時21分，墜毀在距離機場西邊約11.3哩的聖塔莫尼卡海灣。事故造成班機上6名機組員與32名乘客全數罹難。
- 1973年6月6日晚間，一架由洛杉磯飛往鹽湖城Hughes Airwest航空麥道DC-9的班機，於起飛九分鐘後，在San Gabriel Mountains上空，遭美國海軍隱形戰機撞擊。該事故造成民航機上44名乘客與5名機組員，軍機上兩名駕駛，全數罹難。
- 1974年8月6日，在第二航廈泛美航空櫃檯附近，發生炸彈爆炸事件，2人在事件中喪生，17人受到輕重傷。
- 1978年3月1日，一架大陸航空麥道DC-10前往夏威夷檀香山的班機，於起飛時，兩個機輪相繼爆胎，隨即滑出跑道。第三個機輪也在左側起落架坍塌時爆胎，此時油箱破裂，燃油外洩，隨後機身中段陷入大火。在緊急疏散的過程中，一對夫婦在經由機翼逃生門逃離機艙時，直接掉入大火喪生。兩名受傷的乘客於事件三個月後也相繼死亡，其餘74名乘客與11名救災的消防員則受到輕重傷。
- 1978年9月25日早上，太平洋西南航空182次班機, 在途經沙加緬度-洛杉磯機場-聖地牙哥機場的航線上（Sacramento--Los Angeles International Airport-Lindbergh Field)，與一架正在近場降落聖地牙哥機場的四人座塞斯納C-172教練機，發生空中撞擊事故。兩架班機均墜毀在聖地牙哥的North Park區，太平洋西南航空班機上135名乘客，教練機上兩名人員與地面上七名人員，在此一事件中喪生。
- 1979年3月10日晚間， 一架SwiftAire航空235次計畫飛前往Santa Maria的班機(雙引擎螺旋槳Aerospatiale Nord 262A-33機型),在由洛杉磯機場起飛後，因引擎故障，迫降於聖塔莫尼卡海灣中。機長，副機長與一名女性乘客，因迫降後逃生不及，溺斃於海灣。其餘一名女性機組員與三名乘客被在附近的船隻救起。
- 1979年5月25日晚間，美國航空191班機計畫由洛杉磯機場飛往芝加哥的麥道DC-10客機，一具發動機於起飛後掉落，隨後班機墬毀。機上271名乘客與機組員，兩名地面上的人員，於此事件中罹難
[编辑] 1980s
- On the morning of August 2, 1985, Delta Air Lines Flight 191, on a Fort Lauderdale-Dallas-Los Angeles route, crashed at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, killing 136 of the 167 passengers on board.
- On August 31, 1986, Aeromexico Flight 498, a DC-9 en route from Mexico City, Mexico to Los Angeles, began its descent into LAX when a Piper Cherokee collided with the DC-9's left horizontal stabilizer over Cerritos, California, causing the DC-9 to crash into a residential neighborhood. All 64 passengers and crew aboard the Aeromexico flight were killed, in addition to 15 on the ground. 5 homes were destroyed and an additional 7 were damaged by the crash and resulting fire. The 3 occupants of the Piper were killed immediately when the two planes collided; their aircraft went down in a nearby schoolyard and caused no further injuries on the ground. As a result of this incident, FAA required all commercial aircraft to be equipped with Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS).
- On December 7, 1987, Pacific Southwest Airlines PSA Flight 1771, bound from LAX to San Francisco International Airport, was cruising above the central California coast when a disgruntled USAir employee aboard the plane shot his ex-supervisor, both pilots and then himself, causing the airplane to crash near the town of Cayucos. All 43 aboard perished. Following this event, airline staff and crew were no longer allowed to bypass security checks at U.S. airports.
[编辑] 1990s
- On February 1, 1991, USAir Flight 1493, a Boeing 737 landing on Runway 24L at LAX, collided upon touchdown with a SkyWest Fairchild Metroliner, Flight 5569, that had been holding in position on the same runway. The collision killed all 12 occupants of the SkyWest plane and 22 persons aboard the USAir 737.
- If Project Bojinka had not been discovered after a fire in Manila, Philippines, one or more aircraft owned by a U.S. carrier/s at this airport would have blown up over the Pacific Ocean on January 21, 1995 as part of the project's first phase.
- On October 2, 1996, AeroPeru Flight 603, a Boeing 757 en route to LAX from Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport in Santiago, Chile, via Jorge Chavez International Airport in Lima, Peru, crashed in the waters of the Pacific Ocean. All 70 passengers and crew on board died.
- On October 31, 1999, EgyptAir Flight 990, which was on a Los Angeles-JFK, New York, New York-Cairo route, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Nantucket after takeoff from New York, killing all 217 persons on board.
[编辑] 2000年代
- In the year 2000, Al-Qaeda attempted to bomb LAX during the millennium holiday, although the bomber was caught at the U.S. port of entry. Ahmed Ressam was captured in Port Angeles, Washington, with a cache of explosives in the trunk of his rented car which had traveled with him from Victoria, British Columbia, aboard the ferry "Coho". The plot was part of the 2000 millennium attack plots. Ressam was sentenced to 22 years in prison on July 27, 2005.
- On the afternoon of January 31, 2000, Alaska Airlines Flight 261, a McDonnell Douglas MD-83 jetliner flying from Puerto Vallarta, Mexico to San Francisco and Seattle, requested to make an emergency landing at LAX after experiencing control problems with its tail-mounted horizontal stabilizer. Before the plane could divert to Los Angeles, it suddenly plummeted into the Pacific Ocean approximately 2.7 miles north of Anacapa Island off the California coast, killing all 88 persons aboard the aircraft.
- On July 4, 2002, a gunman killed 2 Israelis at the ticket counter of El Al Airlines at LAX. Although the gunman was not linked to any terrorist group, the man was upset at U.S. support for Israel, and therefore was motivated by political disagreement. This led the FBI to classify this shooting as a terrorist act, one of the few on U.S. soil since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The attack was similar to the Rome and Vienna Airport Attacks.
- On September 22, 2005, a JetBlue A320 (JetBlue Flight 292) discovered a problem with its landing gear as it took off from Burbank Airport. It flew in circles for three hours to burn off fuel, then landed safely at Los Angeles International Airport, balancing on its back wheels as it rolled down the center of the runway. Passengers were able to watch their own coverage live from the satellite broadcast on JetBlue in-flight TV seat displays of their plane as it made an emergency fiery landing. [4]
- On July 29, 2006, after America West Flight 6008 from Phoenix landed on the airport's southernmost runway, controllers instructed the pilot to leave the runway on a taxiway known as "Mike" and stop short of the inner runway. Even though the pilot read back the instructions correctly, he drove onto the inner runway and into the path of a departing United Express turboprop Flight 6037. They cleared each other by 50 feet and nobody was hurt.
[编辑] 流行文化
- 在電影生死時速，一輛巴士如果減速至50英哩以下，汽車將會爆炸。After running through the congested Los Angeles traffic and getting on the freeway, Jack Traven finally directs to the bus to enter LAX so it can safely move around without being a danger.
[编辑] 參見
- Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic
[编辑] 外部鏈接
- 洛杉磯國際機場 LAX
- FAA Airport Diagram (PDF)
- 此機場的其他資訊:
- AirNav airport information for KLAX
- ASN accident history for LAX
- FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
- NOAA/NWS latest weather observations
- SkyVector aeronautical chart for KLAX
- FAA current LAX delay information
