يوري ګاګارين
د Wikipedia لخوا
کينډۍ:Redirect
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| قوم | روسى |
|---|---|
| زېږېدنه | March 9, ۱۹۳۴ كلاشينو, USSR |
| دنده1 | پيلوټ |
| Rank | Polkovnik, شوروي هوايي ځواك |
| Selection | د هوايي ځواك لومړې ګروپ |
| Mission(s) | Vostok 1 |
| Mission insignia |  |
يوري ګاګارين (Russian: Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин, Jurij Alekseevič Gagarin; March 9, 1934 – March 27, 1968، د شوروي اتحاد يو اوسېدونكې ؤ، چې په ۱۹۶۱ز كال د لومړي ځل لپاره فضا ته وخود، او لومړنې انسان ؤ، چې د زمكې ګرچاپېر وڅرخېد.
نيوليک |
[سمادول] پخوانی ژوند
يوري ګاګارين مسكو ته نږدې د كلاشينو په ښارګوټي كې د مارچ په نهمه ۱۹۳۴ز وزېږېد. د يوري ګاګارين په وياړ دا ښار په ۱۹۶۸ز كال د ګاګارين په نامه ونومول شو. دده كورنۍ په يوه اشتراكي او ټولنيز فارم كې كار كاوه.
يوری ګاګارين په نړۍ کی لومړی پيلوټ و چی فضا ته يی سفر وکړ٠ هغه د ١٩٦١ کال د اپريل په دوولسمه نېټه د سهار په نهو بجو او اوو دقيقو په داسی حال کی چی نوی کيلوګرامه فضايی جامه يی اغوستی وه، د ختيځ لومړنی لمبر په نامه کيهانی بيړی په چلولو سره چی وزن يی څلور زره اوه سوه پنځه کيلو ګرامه وو، په يو ساعت اته ويشتو دقيقو کی يو ځل د ځمکی چارچاپيره چورلی وه، هغه هم په نړۍ کی لومړی تن و چی له خارجی فضا څخه يی د ځمکی پوره صورت ليدلی و٠ مګر له بده مرغه ګاګارين د ١٩٦٨ کال د مارچ په اوه ويشتمه نېټه په يوه نوبتی روزونکی الوتنه کی د خپلی الوتکی په لويدو سره مړ شو نو د اپريل دوولسمه نېټه د روسيی له خوا د کيهانی سفر د جشن په نامه وټاکل شوه او په سپوږمۍ کی يو غر هم د ده په نامه ونومول شو، نو ويل کيږی چی ګاګارين د أنسان د فضايی سفر د پرانستلو نښه ده٠ روسانو د فضانوردی په چارو کی وتلی برياليتوبونه سرته رسولی دی٠ يوه روسی ښځه چی تريشکووا نوميږی، داسی لومړی ښځه ده چی کيهان ته يی سفر وکړ٠ کله چی د ګاګارين د کيهانی سفر د برياليتوب خبر يی واوريد ، سمدلاسه يی د فضانوردی هغه ښوونځی ته چی ګاګارين پکی روزل شوی و، يو ليک وروليږه څو چی د ګاګارين په شان کيهان ته سفر وکړی٠ تريشکووا او نورو درو نجونو په ١٩٦٢ کال کی د جدی او دقيقی بدنی معاينی نه وروسته د دی ښوونځی له خوا ومنلی شوی٠ يو کال نه وروسته تريشکووا د ختيځ شپږم لمبر کيهانی پيړۍ په چلولو سره په اوياوو ساعتو او پنځوسو دقيقو کی دوه مليونه کيلومتره سفر وکړ او اته څلويښت ځله ئی د زمکی له مدار سره چورلی وه٠ يرته د دوی نه يو بل روسی کيهانی پيلوټ چی ليانوف نوميږی، په نړۍ کی داسی لومړی قهرمان دی چی د ١٩٦٥ کال د مارچ په اتلسمه نېټه يی په خارجی فضا کی دوولس دقيقی پلی شوی و٠ د ١٩٦٩ کال د جولای په شپاړلسمه نېټه د امريکی کيهانی پيلوټ چی ارمسترانګ نوميږی، د اپولو د يوولسمی لمبر په نامه کيهانی بيړۍ په چلولو سره په کيهانی سفر پيل وکړ او دوه نيمی ورځی وروسته کيهانی بيړۍ سپوږمۍ ته نژدی شوه او د همدی مياشتی په شلمه نېټه د ارمسترانګ له خوا چلول شوی سپوږمۍ کيناستونکی بيړۍ سپوږمۍ ته ښکته شوه او ارمسترانګ په همدی ورځ د سهار په لسو بجو له بيړۍ څخه سپوږمۍ ته ښکته شو٠ ارمسترانګ داسی ويلی و چی دا لومړی کوچنی ګام چی زما له خوا اوچت شوی دی ، د انسانانو له خوا اوچت شوی لوی ګام دی٠ ارمسترانګ په سپوږمۍ کی دوه نيم ساعته پاتی و او په سپوږمۍ کی د يادګار چلی او د امريکی يو ملی بيرغ درولی دی٠ دغه راز د ډبرو او خاورو نمونی يی لاس ته راوړی او په سپوږمۍ کی يی د علمی ازموينو دپاره تجهيزات هم اچولی وو٠ د يادونی وړ شخصيت چی دانيس تيتو نوميږی او د امريکی د يوه پانګه اچونکی شرکت مشر دی، په ٢٠٠٠ کال کی د روسيی سره يو موافقتنامه لاسليکه کړه او د دی موافقتنامی سره سم تيتو روسيی ته د شلو مليونو ډالرو په مرسته د ٢٠٠١ کال د اپريل په ديرشمه نېټه د دوو روسی کيهانی پيلوټانو سره يو ځای بين المللی فضايی ايستګاه ته ورسيد او د روسيی په فضايی کابين کی شپږ ورځی پاتی شو چی په دی توګه دانيس تيتو د نړۍ په لومړی کيهانی مسافر بدل شو٠
[سمادول] د شوروي په تشيالي خپرونه کې کار
[سمادول] د ده ټاکنه او روزنه
In 1960, an extensive search and selection process saw Yuri Gagarin, as one of 20 cosmonauts, selected for the Soviet space program. Along with the other prospective cosmonauts, he had been subjected to a punishing series of experiments designed test his physical and psychological endurance, as well as training related to the upcoming flight. Out of the 20 selected, the eventual choices for the first launch were Gagarin and Gherman Titov, because of their excellent performance in training, as well as their physical characteristics - space was at a premium in the small Vostok cockpit. Gagarin's last-minute assignment, approved at the highest levels of "the party", to take the historic flight, may have been due to Gagarin's modest upbringing and genial, outgoing personality, as opposed to the middle-class and somewhat aloof demeanor of Titov.
[سمادول] تشيالي آلوتنه
On April 12, 1961, Gagarin became the first human to travel into space in Vostok 3KA-2 (Vostok 1). His call sign in this flight was Cedar (Russian: Кедр). According to international media, from orbit Gagarin made the comment, "I don't see any god up here." There are, however, no such words in the full verbatim record of Gagarin's conversations with the Earth during the spaceflight [1].
He is also known in Russian history as "The Columbus of the Cosmos."
While in orbit Gagarin was promoted "in the field" from the lowly rank of Senior Lieutenant to Major - and this was the rank at which TASS announced him in its triumphant statement during the flight. At the time the Soviet authorities thought it was more likely he would perish during his descent than survive.
During his flight, Gagarin famously whistled the tune "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows" (Russian: "Родина слышит, Родина знает")[2]. The first two lines of the song are: "The Motherland hears, the Motherland knows/Where her son flies in the sky"[3]. This patriotic song was written by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1951 (opus 86), with words by Dolmatovsky.
Safely returned, Nikita Khrushchev rushed to his side and Gagarin issued a statement praising the Communist Party of the Soviet Union as the "organiser of all our victories." Khrushchev saw Gagarin's achievement as a vindication of his policy of strengthening the Soviet Union's missile forces at the expense of conventional arms. This policy antagonized the Soviet military establishment and contributed to Khrushchev's eventual downfall.
After the flight, Gagarin became an instant, worldwide celebrity, touring widely to promote the Soviet achievement. He proved quite adept at handling the publicity. However, it appeared to gradually wear him down, and he began to drink heavily - not helped by difficulties in his marriage. In October 1961 he severely injured himself in a drunken holiday escapade while vacationing with a young nurse in the Crimea.
From 1962 he served as a deputy to the Supreme Soviet, but later returned to "Star City", the cosmonaut facility, where he worked on designs for a reusable spacecraft.
In 1967, he was selected as the backup pilot for the Soyuz 1 Mission. Western journalists reported that, despite problems with Soyuz, Leonid Brezhnev applied pressure for a spaceflight to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Communist revolution. Cosmonauts and technicians prepared a document listing 200 technical problems with Soyuz and gave it to party members. A few weeks before launch, the pilot, Vladimir Komarov, a close friend of Gagarin, said, "If I don't make this flight, they'll send the backup pilot instead. That's (Yuri), and he'll die instead of me." After Komarov was killed when his spacecraft crashed during its return, Gagarin, very upset, said, "...if I ever find out he (Brezhnev) knew about the situation and still let everything happen, then I know exactly what I'm going to do." It is rumored that Gagarin did eventually catch up with Brezhnev and threw a drink in his face. This may be apocryphal, but as the Soviet veil of secrecy is slowly lifted such stories will be more easily verified.
[سمادول] مړينه او ترکه
Gagarin then became deputy training director of Star City. At the same time, he began to requalify as a fighter pilot. On March 27, 1968 he and his instructor died in a MiG-15 UTI on a routine training flight near Kirzhach. It is uncertain what caused the crash, but a 1986 inquest suggests that the turbulence from a Su-11 interceptor airplane using its afterburners may have caused Gagarin's plane to go out of control. Weather conditions were also poor, which probably contributed to the inability of Gagarin and the instructor to correct before they crashed. The rumor that Gagarin was drunk is almost certainly incorrect — he passed two medical examinations before the flight, and postmortem tests found no evidence of alcohol or drugs in his system. A new theory, advanced by the original crash investigator in 2005, hypothesises that a cabin vent was accidentally left open by the crew or the previous pilot, thus leading to oxygen deprivation and leaving the crew incapable of controlling the aircraft [4].
The Russian press reported he stayed with the aircraft to prevent it from hitting a school, but this too may be apocryphal.
[سمادول] توطيه ايزې تيوري ګانې
Although Gagarin is indisputably the first man to survive space travel, there is a conspiracy theory that the Russians had previously launched two human beings into orbit prior to Gagarin, but both cosmonauts died en route. An alternative version states that one died, and the other landed off-course and was held by the Chinese government. The Soviet government then supposedly suppressed this information to prevent bad publicity for their space program. See the article: Soviet space program conspiracy accusations.
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With communism to stars.jpg
"Communism opened the way to the stars". A 1961 Czechoslovak poster featuring Gagarin. |
Yuri Gagarin in Bulgaria.jpg
Yuri Gagarin in Bulgaria |
Yuri Gagarin and his wife visiting Jawaharlal Nehru.jpg
Yuri Gagarin and his wife visiting Jawaharlal Nehru |
Juri Gagarin 3.jpg
Gagarin in the Soviet space suit |
[سمادول] دا هم وګورۍ
- Soviet space program
- Space Race
- Yuri's Night is an international celebration held on April 12 every year to commemorate the first human in space and the first space shuttle launch.
[سمادول] سرچينې
- Michael D Cole Vostok 1: First Human in Space, Enslow Publishers, Inc. Aldershot, UK, Springfield, New Jersey, 1995. ISBN 0-89490-541-4.
- Doran, Jamie, and Bizony, Piers: Starman: The Truth Behind the Legend of Yuri Gagarin, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1998 (paperback version, 1999). ISBN 074754278 کينډۍ:Invalid isbn.
[سمادول] باندنۍ تړنې
- Yuri Gagarin:His Life in Pictures
- Юрий Гагарин. Дорога в космос - his book in Russian (HTML)
- Photo, Audio and Video with Yuri Gagarin (in Russian), online version of CD created to his 70th anniv. on the homepage of Russian state archive for scientific-technical documentation (RGANTD).
- Article in online Encyclopedia of cosmonautics A lot of information about the first human's flight to space (in Russian).
- Gagarin - detailed biography at Encyclopedia Astronautica
- List (with photos) of Gagarin statues
