사용자:이형주/코모로 프랑
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
| 이형주/코모로 프랑 franc comorien (프랑스어) فرنك قمري (아랍어) |
|||||
|
|||||
| 사용 국가 |  코모로 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 통화 팽창률 | 3% | ||||
| 출처 | The World Factbook, 2005 est. | ||||
| 페그제를 하고 있는 나라 비율 | 유로 = 491.96775 프랑 | ||||
| 보조단위 | |||||
| 1/100 | 상팀 (centime) 더 이상 사용되지 않는다. |
||||
| 동전 | |||||
| 자주 사용되는 동전 | 25, 50, 100 프랑 | ||||
| 지폐 | 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000 프랑 | ||||
| 중앙은행 | 코모로 중앙 은행 | ||||
| 웹사이트 | www.bancecom.com | ||||
| 인쇄처 | 프랑스 중앙 은행 | ||||
| 웹사이트 | www.banque-france.fr | ||||
| 민트 | Monnaie de Paris | ||||
| 웹사이트 | www.monnaiedeparis.com | ||||
프랑 (프랑스어: franc comorien; 아랍어: فرنك قمري), ISO 4217 코드: KMF)은 코모로의 공식 통화이다. 1 프랑은 100 상팀과 같으나, 상팀은 더 이상 사용되지 않는다.
목차 |
[편집] 역사
The French franc became the currency of Comoros after the islands became a French protectorate in 1886. In 1891, Sultan Said Ali of Anjouan issued coins denominated in centimes and francs which circulated alongside French currency. In 1912, the Comoros became a province of Madagascar, which was a French possession. French banknotes and coins circulated in the colony. Apart from an emergency issue of small change notes in 1920, the French currency circulated alone until 1925.
On 1 July, 1925, the French government formed an agreement with the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas to create the Banque de Madagascar, headquartered in Paris, and granted it a private monopoly to issue currency for the colony of Madagascar. The Malagasy franc (French: franc malgace) was equivalent tot the French franc and French coins continued to circulate as Madagascar had no coins of its own until 1943.
When the Comoros became a separate French territory in 1945, the name of the issuing bank was changed to the Banque de Madagascar et des Comores (still headquartered in Paris). A branch office opened in Comoros in 1953. While the banknotes were changed to reflect the new status of Comoros, the coins were not changed and bore only the name Madagascar. On 26 December, 1945, the Madagascar-Comores CFA franc was established and its value was fixed at 1.7 French francs. Old Madagascar coins and banknotes continued to circulate as this new currency. On 17 October, 1948, the CFA franc was revalued to 2 French francs.
In 1950, the French government took over majority ownership of the Banque de Madagascar et des Comores. On 1 January 1960, the French franc was revalued, with 100 old francs becoming 1 new franc. (Décret n°59-1450 du 22 décembre 1959) The new exchange rate was 1 Madagascar-Comores CFA franc = 0.02 French francs (50 Madagascar-Comores CFA francs = 1 French franc).
On 26 June, 1960, Madagascar gained independence from France, and the Institut d'Émission Malgache (headquartered in Antananarivo) was created to issue currency only for Madagascar. Madagascar left the CFA zone effective 1 July 1973.
On 23 November 1979, the government of Comoros signed the Accord de coopération monétaire entre la République Française et la République fédérale islamique des Comores, a monetary cooperation agreement with France, making Comoros part of the franc zone (but not part of the CFA franc zone). This agreement provided for the establishment of a system of fixed parity between the French franc and the Comorian franc and free convertibility between the two currencies, guaranteed by the Comorian central bank's opening of an operations account (compte d'operation) at the French Treasury (Trésor public) to handle all exchange transactions. Sixty-five percent of the foreign exchange reserves of Comoros are held in euros in this account. This account is similar to overnight deposits with the French Treasury: it may bear interest and may, in special circumstances, post a negative balance. However, to prevent this account from showing a lasting overdraft, a number of preventative measures have been set up.
The stability of the Comorian franc is founded on tight monetary and credit discipline, underpinned by two specific safeguard measures: the central bank is required to maintain 20% foreign-exchange cover of its sight liabilities, and the government is not allowed to draw more than 20% of the previous year's budget receipts from their central bank funds. The ministers of finance of the franc area (France, the CFA zone and Comoros) meet biannually. The agreement between France and the Comoros is essentially the same as the agreement France has with the CFA Zone. It is a continuation of a relationship of monetary cooperation between the two countries that has existed for more than a century.
Until 1994, the Comorian franc was pegged to the French franc at the rate of 50 Comorian francs to 1 French franc. This was changed on January 12, 1994, when the currency was devalued in concert with the CFA franc devaluation. however, the Comorian franc was devalued 33⅓% to a new rate of 75 Comorian francs for 1 French franc, while the CFA franc's new rate was 100 CFA francs to 1 French franc. With the creation of the euro in January 1999, the Comorian franc was pegged, at its prevailing rate, to the new currency. The exchange rate is now 491.96775 Comorian francs to 1 euro.
[편집] European Monetary Union
In 1998 in anticipation of European Monetary Union, the Council of the European Union addressed the monetary agreements France has with the CFA Zone and Comoros and ruled that:
- the agreements are unlikely to have any material effect on the monetary and exchange rate policy of the Euro zone
- in their present forms and states of implementation, the agreements are unlikely to present any obstacle to a smooth functioning of economic and monetary union
- nothing in the agreements can be construed as implying an obligation for the European Central Bank (ECB) or any national central bank to support the convertibility of the CFA and Comorian francs
- modifications to the existing agreements will not lead to any obligations for the European Central or any national central bank
- the French Treasury will guarantee the free convertibility at a fixed parity between the euro and the CFA and Comorian francs
- the competent French authorities shall keep the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the Economic and Financial Committee informed about the implementation of the agreements and inform the Committee prior to changes of the parity between the euro and the CFA and Comorian francs
- any change to the nature or scope of the agreements would require Council approval on the basis of a Commission recommendation and ECB consultation
[편집] Central Bank
The statutes of the Central Bank of the Comoros (Banque Centrale des Comores / البنك المركزي القمري Al-Bank al-Markazi al-Qomori) state that its Board of Directors shall have eight members who are chosen from the Comorian Government, the French Central Bank (Banque de France) and the French government. The post of Deputy Director of the Central Bank of the Comoros is held by a Banque de France official, who is responsible for monetary policy. Since 19 November 1999, all the central bank's official rates have been pegged to the Euro Overnight Index Average (EONIA) leading to a stabilisation of interest rate differentials with the euro. The BCC applies a compulsory reserves system (30% of deposits) and a bank monitoring system. The headquarters are located in Moroni, and the current bank governor is Mer Said Ahmed Said Ali.
[편집] Coins
In 1890, Sultan Said Ali of Anjouan issued bronze 5 and 10 centimes and silver 5 francs. The coins were struck in Paris to the same specifications as the corresponding French coins. The three coins ceased to be valid in theory in 1912 but the lower two denominations were still turning up in general circulation as late as 1930. The two bronze coins are frequently used for magico-religious purposes. All three coins bore similar inscriptions, including the date 1308 AH, which corresponds to the Gregorian calendar years 1890/91 AD.
In the 1920s, a shortage of coins led to the issuance of private tokens by the principal colonial company on Ngazidja and a sugar plantation on Mayotte. Denominations included 25 and 50 centimes and 1 and 2 francs. Aluminium and bronze were used in these tokens.
|
그림:KMF Ind5075o.jpg
50 francs, 1975
|
그림:KMF Ind10077o.jpg
100 francs, 1977
|
In 1964, coins were introduced specifically for use in the Comoros, replacing the Madagascan coins previously in use. Aluminium 1, 2, and 5 francs and aluminium-bronze 10 and 20 francs coins were issued. In 1975, nickel 50 francs were introduced, followed by nickel 100 francs in 1977 and nickel 25 francs in 1981. Nickel-plated-steel replaced nickel after 1990. The Institut d'Émission des Comores issued coins between 1975 and 1977, whilst the Central Bank has issued coins since 1981.
Until 1975, only French appeared on Comorian coins. Since then, Arabic has also been used.
| Coins of the Comorian franc | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obverse | Reverse | Denomination | Weight | Diameter | Composition |
| 1 franc | aluminium | 23 mm | |||
| 그림:KMF 2 obv.JPG | 그림:KMF 2 rev.JPG | 2 francs | aluminium | 27 mm | 2.2 g |
 |
5 francs | aluminium | 31 mm | 3.75 g | |
| 그림:KMF 10 obv.JPG | 그림:KMF 10 rev.JPG | 10 francs | aluminium bronze | 22 mm | |
| 그림:KMF 25 rev.JPG | 25 francs | nickel | 20 mm | 3.9 g | |
| 그림:KMF 50 obv.JPG | 그림:KMF 50 rev.JPG | 50 francs | nickel | 24 mm | 6 g |
| 그림:KMF 100 obv.JPG | 그림:KMF 100 rev.jpg | 100 francs | nickel-plated steel | 28 mm | 10 g |
Comorian coins have always been minted by the Monnaie de Paris. This is indicated by the cornucopia mint mark on the coins, visible to the left of the date. The coins are manufactured at their facility in Pessac, Gironde.
The 5-franc coin is nicknamed reali, referring to the Spanish real; the 2-franc coin is nicknamed nusu, meaning "half", and the 1-franc coin "robo", meaning "quarter". The 1-, 2-, 5- and 10-franc coins are rarely used because of their low value. The 25- and 100-franc coins contain the phrase "Augmentons la production alimentaire" (Let's increase food production). The 5-franc coin contains the phrase "Conférence Mondiale sur les Pêches" (World Conference on Fishing). Both of these phrases are references to programs by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Comoros is one of 114 countries that have issued FAO coins. More information on FAO coins can be found here.
[편집] Banknotes
The first Comorian paper money was issued in 1920. It consisted of an emergency issue of Madagascan postage stamps fixed to card to allow them to circulate as money. Denominations of 50 centimes and 1 franc were issued.
Loi ordinaire 62-873 du 31 juillet 1962, Article 12, allowed the Banque de Madagascar et des Comores to continue issuing notes in Comoros after Madagascar began issuing its own currency but, beginning 1 April, 1962, they had "COMORES" overstamped on them. Denominations of 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 francs were issued. As per Décret 64-1038 du 07 octobre 1964, banknotes without the overstamp ceased to be legal tender on 31 December, 1964.
The overstamped notes circulated until 1976, when 500, 1000 and 5000 francs were introduced by the Institut d'Émission des Comores, the 50 and 100 francs notes being replaced by coins. The central Bank took over production of paper money in 1984. 2500 and 10,000 francs notes were introduced in 1997, followed by 2000 francs in 2005. The 2500 francs note is being withdrawn from circulation.
Comorian banknotes are manufactured by the Banque de France at their paper mill in Vic-le-Comte and their printing works in Chamalières, both in Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne. The new 500, 1000, and 2000 franc notes contain the EURion constellation.
| Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD |
| XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD |
| OANDA.com: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD |
[편집] See also
|
|
[편집] References
틀:Refbegin
- (프랑스어) Franc comorien. ISBN 2-7475-4843-0
- 틀:Numis cite SCWC
- 틀:Numis cite SCWPM
틀:Refend
[편집] External links
- (프랑스어) Banque Centrale des Comores official site
- (프랑스어) Text of the 1979 Comorian Agreement of Monetary Cooperation at Banque de France
- (프랑스어) Decision of the Council of Europe on 23 November 1998 regarding the CFA and Comorian francs
- (프랑스어) Franc zone information at Banque de France
- (프랑스어) Franc zone information at Banque de France (in French, but more extensive than the English version)
- (프랑스어) Central Bank of Madagascar
틀:Standard numismatics external links
- Images of Comorian banknotes at Islamic Banknotes
- Numismatics of Comoros
- Numismatics of Comoros by Dr Iain Walker
- Coins of Comoros
- Comoros at Ben's FAO Coins collection
- (프랑스어) La fabrication des monnaies utilisées par les Comoriens
- (프랑스어) "Les Monnaies à Madagascar", Louis Molet
- A table of conversion rates between the euro and the Comorian franc
|
|
|
|---|---|
| 통용 | 기니 프랑 · 르완다 프랑 (프랑크) · 리히텐슈타인 프랑크 · 부룬디 프랑 · 스위스 프랑 (프랑켄, 프랑코) · 지부티 프랑 (فرنك) · 코모로 프랑 (فرنك) · 콩고 프랑 · CFA 프랑 (중앙아프리카 CFA 프랑 · 서아프리카 CFA 프랑) · CFP 프랑 (뉴칼레도니아 프랑 · 프랑스령 폴리네시아 프랑) |
| 폐지 | 과들루페 프랑 · 그라우뷘덴 프랑크 · 글라루스 프랑크 · 뉴헤브리디스 프랑 · 도미니카 프랑 · 레위니옹 프랑 · 루체른 프랑크 · 루카 프랑코 · 룩셈부르크 프랑 (프랭, 프랑크) · 르완다 부룬디 프랑 · 마다가스카르 프랑 · 마르티니크 프랑 · 말리 프랑 · 모나코 프랑 · 모로코 프랑 (فرنك) · 미국 점령지역 프랑 (비공식) · 바젤 프랑크 · 베른 프랑크 · 베스트팔렌 프랑크 · 벨기에 프랑 (프랑크) · 보 프랑 · 블로뢰 프랑크 · 샤프하우젠 프랑크 · 슈비츠 프랑크 · 아르가우 프랑크 · 아펜첼 프랑크 · 알제리 프랑 · 우리 프랑크 · 운터발덴 프랑크 · 자르 프랑 (프랑크) · 장크트갈렌 프랑크 · 제네바 프랑 · 졸로투른 프랑크 · 취리히 프랑크 · 카탕가 프랑 · 캄보디아 프랑 · 코체 프랑 · 투르가우 프랑크 · 튀니지 프랑 (فرنك) · 티치노 프랑코 · 프랑스령 기니 프랑 · 프랑스령 서아프리카 프랑 · 프랑스령 적도아프리카 프랑 · 프랑스령 카메룬 프랑 · 프랑스 프랑 · 프리부르 프랑크 |
| 민간 | UIC 프랑 |
| 함께 보기 | 골드 프랑 · 우랄 프랑 |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| 북 | 알제리 디나르 · 유로 (스페인령 아프리카) · 이집트 파운드 · 리비아 디나르 · 모리타니 우기야 · 모로코 디르함 · 수단 파운드 · 튀니지 디나르 |
| 중앙 | 앙골라 콴자 · 브룬디 프랑 · 중앙아프리카 CFA 프랑 (카메룬, 중앙아프리카 공화국, 차드, 콩고 공화국, 적도 기니, 가봉) · 콩고 프랑 · 르완다 프랑 |
| 서 | 카보베르데 에스쿠도 · 유로 (카나리아 제도, 마데이라 제도) · 감비아 달라시 · 가나 세디 · 기니 프랑 · 라이베리아 달러 · 나이지리아 나이라 · 상투메 프린시페 도브라 · 시에라리온 레온 · 서아프리카 CFA 프랑 (베냉, 부르키나파소, 코트디부아르, 기니비사우, 말리, 니제르, 세네갈, 토고) |
| 동 | 코모로 프랑 · 지부티 프랑 · 에리트레아 낙파 · 에티오피아 비르 · 케냐 실링 · 세이셸 루피 · 소말리아 실링 · 소말릴란드 실링 (승인되지 않음) · 탄자니아 실링 · 우간다 실링 |
| 남 | 보츠와나 풀라 · 유로 (마요트, 레위니옹) · 레소토 로티 · 말라위 콰차 · 마다가스카르 아리아리 · 모리셔스 루피 · 모잠비크 메티칼 · 나미비아 달러 · 세인트헬레나 파운드 · 남아프리카 공화국 랜드 · 스와질란드 릴랑게니 · 잠비아 콰차 · 짐바브웨 달러 |
