Ukrainian hryvnia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ukrainian hryvnia українська гривня (Ukrainian) |
|||||
|
|||||
ISO 4217 Code | UAH | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
User(s) | Ukraine | ||||
Inflation | 11.3% | ||||
Source | The World Factbook, 2007 | ||||
Pegged with | U.S. dollar = 4.85 hryvni | ||||
Subunit | |||||
1/100 | kopiyka (копійка) | ||||
Symbol | ₴ | ||||
Plural | hryvni (гривні, nom. pl., from 2 to 4), and hryven’ (гривень, gen. pl. above 5) | ||||
kopiyka (копійка) | kopiyky (копійки, nom. pl., from 2 to 4), kopiyok (копійок, gen. pl. above 5) | ||||
Coins | 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 kopiyok, 1 hryvnia | ||||
Banknotes | 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 hryven' | ||||
Central bank | National Bank of Ukraine | ||||
Website | www.bank.gov.ua |
The hryvnia (sometimes hryvnya; Ukrainian: гривня; IPA: [ˈɦrɪu̯nʲɑ]) has been the national currency of Ukraine since September 2, 1996. It replaced the karbovanets at the rate of 1 hryvnia = 100,000 karbovantsiv. The hryvnia is subdivided into 100 kopiyok. The ISO 4217 codes are UAH and 980.
Contents |
[edit] Name
[edit] Etymology
The hryvnia was used as currency in Kievan Rus' in the 11th century. The word hryvnia is thought to derive from the Slavic griva; c.f. Russian, Bulgarian and Serbian грива / griva, "mane". Hryvnia may have indicated something valuable worn around the neck, usually made of silver or gold; c.f. Russian grif (гриф , "neck") or c.f. Bulgarian and Serbian grivna (гривна , "bracelet"). Later, the word was used to describe silver or gold ingots of a certain weight; c.f. Russian grivennik (гривенник, '10-kopek piece'). Other smaller currency units were nogata (ногата, 'pelt of a large animal such as a bear or wolf', kuna (куна, 'pelt of a small animal such as a mink or sable; c.f. Croatian kuna). The smallest was veksha (векша, "squirrel pelt").
Hryvnia is sometimes incorrectly transliterated as hryvna, hrivna, gryvna or grivna, due to its Russian language counterpart, гри́вна, pronounced grívna. The National Bank of Ukraine has recommended that a distinction be made between hryvnia and hryvna in both historical and practical means[citation needed]. Linguistic research was cited as proof that hryvnia refers to medieval currency and hryvna to the woman's decoration of that time (as the Bulgarian grivna mentioned above).
[edit] Plural
In Ukrainian, the nominative plural form is used for numbers ending with 2, 3, or 4, as in dvi hryvni (дві гривні, "2 hryvni"), and the genitive plural is used for numbers ending with 5 to 9, and 0, for example sto hryven’ (сто гривень, "100 hryven’"); for numbers ending with 1 singular form is used, for example dvadtsiat' odna hryvnia (двадцять одна гривня, "21 hryvnia"). The singular for the subdivision is копійка (kopiyka), the nominative plural is копійки (kopiyky) and the genitive is копійок (kopiyok).
[edit] Currency sign
The hryvnia sign is a cursive Ukrainian letter He (г), with a double horizontal stroke, symbolizing stability, similar to that used in other currency symbols such as ¥ or €.[1] Hryvnia is abbreviated "грн." (hrn.) in Ukrainian. The hryvnia sign ₴ [may not be rendered in all browsers] was released in March of 2004.[1] The specific design of the hryvnia sign was a result of a public contest[2] held by National Bank of Ukraine in 2003. The bank announced that it would not take any special steps of promoting the sign, but expressed expectations that the recognition and the technical possibilities of rendering the sign would follow.[3] As soon as it was discovered, a proposal to encode it was written. The sign was encoded as U+20B4 in Unicode 4.1 released in 2005. It is now supported by the latest computer systems.
[edit] History
The hryvnia replaced the karbovanets during the period September 2-16, 1996, at a rate of 1 hryvnia = 100,000 karbovantsiv. The karbovanets was subject to hyperinflation in the early 1990s due to the collapse of the USSR.
To a large extend, the introduction of hryvnia was secretive.[4] Hryvnia were introduced according to President's Decree dated August 26, 1996, and published on August 29. During the transition period, September 2-16, both hryvnia and karbovanets were used in circulation. Merchandisers were obligated, however, to provide change only in hryvnias. All bank accounts were converted to hryvnya automatically. During the transition period, 97% of karbovanets were taken out of circulation, including 56% in the first 5 days of the currency reform.[4] After September 16, the remaining karbovanets were allowed to be exchanged to hryvnias in banks.
The hryvnia was introduced during the period that Victor Yuschenko was the Chairman of National Bank of Ukraine. However, the first banknotes issued have the signature of the previous National Bank Chairman, Vadym Hetman, who resigned in 1993. This is because first notes were printed as early as 1992 by the Canadian Bank Note Company and it was decided to delay their circulation until hyperinflation in Ukraine was taken under control.
Initially, the foreign exchange rate was UAH 1.76 = USD 1.00. Following the Asian financial crisis in 1998 the currency devaluated to UAH 5.45 = USD 1.00. Since that the exchange rate is relatively stable at around 5 hryvnias for 1 U.S. dollar.
[edit] Coins
Coins were first struck in 1992 for the new currency but were not introduced until 1996. In addition to those listed below which were released into circulation, 15 kopiyok coins were struck in both brass and aluminium[citation needed].
Currently Circulating Coins [1] | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of first minting | ||||||
Reverse | Obverse | Diameter | Thickness | Mass | Composition | Edge | Obverse | Reverse | ||
1 kopiyka | 16 mm | 1.2 mm | 1.5 g | Stainless steel | Plain | Ukrainian Trident | Value | 1992 | ||
2 kopiyky | 17.3 mm | 1.2 mm | 0.64 or 1.8 g | Aluminium or stainless steel | ||||||
5 kopiyok | 24 mm | 1.5 mm | 4.3 g | Stainless steel | Reeded | |||||
10 kopiyok | 16.3 mm | 1.25 mm | 1.7 g | Brass or aluminium bronze | Reeded | Ukrainian Trident | Value | 1992 | ||
25 kopiyok | 20.8 mm | 1.35 mm | 2.9 g | Reeded and plain sectors | ||||||
50 kopiyok | 23 mm | 1.55 mm | 4.2 g | |||||||
1 hryvnia | 26 mm | 1.85 mm | 7.1 or 6.9 g | Inscription: "ОДНА ГРИВНЯ", minted year | ||||||
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre, a Wikipedia standard for world coins. For table standards, see the coin specification table. |
[edit] Banknotes
In 1996, the first series of hryvnia banknotes was introduced into circulation by the National Bank of Ukraine. They were dated 1992 and were in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 hryven’. At the same time, 1, 50, and 100 hryvnia notes of the second series were also issued, with 1 hryvnia dated 1994. 50 and 100 hryvnya notes of 1992 also existed but they weren't introduced.[citation needed]
This series added a new highest denomination, the 200 hryven’ notes introduced in 2001, followed by the 500 hryven’ note of the third series in 2006.
All hryvnia banknotes issued by the National Bank continue to be a legal tender. As of 2007, the banknotes of early series can rarely be found in circulation.
First Series [2] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Colour | Description | Date of | |||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | first printing | issue | |||
1 hryvnia | 135 х 70 mm | Dark green | Vladimir the Great | Ruins of Chersonesos | 1992 | September 2, 1996 | ||
2 hryvni | Brown | Yaroslav the Wise | Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev | |||||
5 hryven' | Dark blue | Bohdan Khmelnytsky | A church in the village of Subotiv | |||||
10 hryven' | Violet | Ivan Mazepa | Kiev Pechersk Lavra | |||||
20 hryven' | Yellow and brown | Ivan Franko | Lviv Opera and Ballet Theater | |||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre, a Wikipedia standard for world banknotes. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Second Series [3] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Colour | Description | Date of | |||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | first printing | issue | |||
1 hryvnia | 133 × 66 mm | Green and brown | Vladimir the Great | Ruins of Chersonesos | 1994 | September 2, 1996 | ||
2 hryvni | Brown | Yaroslav the Wise | The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev | 1995 | September 1, 1997 | |||
5 hryven' | Blue | Bohdan Khmelnytsky | A church in the selo (village) of Subotiv. | 1994 | ||||
10 hryven' | Brown and yellow | Ivan Mazepa | The Holy Dormition Cathedral of the Kievo-Pecherska Lavra | |||||
20 hryven' | Brown and green | Ivan Franko | The Lviv Opera Theater | 1995 | ||||
50 hryven' | Yellow and violet | Mykhailo Hrushevsky | The building of the Verkhovna Rada | Not indicated on the banknotes | September 2, 1996 | |||
100 hryven' | Rose and green | Taras Shevchenko (old portrait) | The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev | |||||
200 hryven' | Blue | Lesya Ukrainka | The Entrance Tower of Lutsk Castle | August 22, 2001 | ||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre, a Wikipedia standard for world banknotes. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Third Series [4] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Colour | Description | Date of | |||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | first printing | issue | |||
1 hryvnia | 118 × 63 mm | Grey | Vladimir the Great | The fortress wall of Volodymyr in Kiev | 2004 | December 1, 2004 | ||
1 hryvnia | Yellow-blue | 2006 | May 22, 2006 | |||||
2 hryvni | Brown | Yaroslav the Wise | The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev. | 2004 | September 28, 2004 | |||
5 hryven' | Blue | Bohdan Khmelnytsky | A church in the selo (village) of Subotiv. | June 14, 2004 | ||||
10 hryven' | 124 × 66 mm | Crimson | Ivan Mazepa | The Holy Dormition Cathedral of the Kievo-Pecherska Lavra | November 1, 2004 | |||
20 hryven' | 130 × 69 mm | Green | Ivan Franko | The Lviv Opera Theater | 2003 | December 1, 2003 | ||
50 hryven' | 136 × 72 mm | Violet | Mykhailo Hrushevsky | The building of the Tsentralna Rada | 2004 | March 29, 2004 | ||
100 hryven' | 142 × 75mm | Olive | Taras Shevchenko (young portrait) | The Chernecha landscape near Cherkasy and the figures of a kobzar and a guide boy | 2005 | February 20, 2006 | ||
200 hryven' | 148 × 75mm | Pink | Lesya Ukrainka | The Entrance Tower of Lutsk Castle | 2007 | May 28, 2007 | ||
500 hryven' | 154 × 75mm | Beige | Hryhoriy Skovoroda | The building of Kyiv Mohyla Academy | 2006 | September 15, 2006 | ||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre, a Wikipedia standard for world banknotes. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Use Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB |
Use XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB |
Use OANDA.com: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB |
Official exchange rate. National Bank of Ukraine.
Hryvnia market rate. Financial Times.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991, 18th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-150-1.
- Cuhaj, George S. (editor) (2006). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: Modern Issues 1961-Present, 12th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-89689-356-1.
[edit] External links
- Don's World Coin Gallery - Ukraine
- Ron Wise's World Paper Money - Ukraine Mirror site
- The Global History of Currencies - Ukraine
- Global Financial Data currency histories table ( Microsoft Excel format)
- History of Hryvnia
- National Bank of Ukraine announcement of Hryvnia Sign (Ukrainian)
- Proposed symbols for hryvnia during design competition (Ukrainian)
- Pictures of hryvnia bills introduced in 1997
- The first Ukrainian Money (1917-1922) Odessa Numismatics Museum
- Ukraine monetary reform. Numismatics (Russian)
- How hryvnia was born (Russian)
|
|
|
|