Soap made from human corpses
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During the Second World War some scientists from Nazi Germany experimented with soap made from human corpses. Only small-scale production had taken place, most notably by Prof. Rudolf Spanner. Today, the topic remains controversial as Holocaust deniers often portray the story as an attack on Germans.[1]
[edit] History
The claim that Germans used the fat from human corpses to make products was already made by the British during World War I. The Times reported in April 1917 that the Germans were boiling down the bodies of their dead soldiers to make soap and other products.[2] In 1925, the British Foreign Secretary Sir Austen Chamberlain admitted that the "corpse factory" story had been a lie.[3]
The claim resurfaced very early during World War II, so early that it almost certainly was not true. However, contemporary jokes, threats, rumors and insults show beyond a doubt that many people thought that it was at least believable. The main support[citation needed] for this belief was found in the abbreviation "RIF" which was imprinted on most pieces of soap available in Germany during WWII. It was interpreted as "Reines Jüdisches Fett" (pure Jewish fat) while, in fact, the abbreviation stood for "Reichsstelle für industrielle Fettversorgung" (National Center for Industrial Fat Provisioning)[citation needed].
Later, when human bodies were indeed being plundered for products (hair for felt and insulation, for example), there are indications that some German scientists experimented with making soap from human fat. Professor Rudolf Spanner produced somewhere between 10 and 100 kg of soap from corpses from an unidentified source, speculated to be the mental hospital in Konradstein (now Kocborowo), a prison in Königsberg, or the Stutthof concentration camp. According to Spanner's post war testimonies the soap was used only for injections into joint ligaments.[4]
Despite the aforementioned case, there is no evidence for wide-spread use of soap made of human fat, Jewish or otherwise, in Nazi Germany. SS-chief Heinrich Himmler was disturbed enough by the rumors, and the implication of poor security at the camps, that he emphasized that all corpses should be cremated or buried as quickly as possible.[5]
Mainstream scholars of the Holocaust consider the "soap myth" to be part of the WWII folklore, rather than reflecting the way soap was chiefly produced in Germany during the war.[6] Among others this view was held by the reputed Jewish historians Walter Laqueur,[7] Gitta Sereny,[8] and Deborah Lipstadt.[9] The same view was held by Professor Yehuda Bauer of Israel's Hebrew University and by Shmuel Krakowski, archives director of Israel's Yad Vashem Holocaust center.[10][11][12]
[edit] References
- ^ Deceit & Misrepresentation. The Techniques of Holocaust Denial: The Soap Allegations. Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6 (Nizkor Project)
- ^ Phillip Knightley, The First Casualty (New York: 1975), pp. 105-106.
- ^ Arthur Ponsonby, Falsehood in Wartime (New York: 1929), pp. 102, 111-112
- ^ Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War Accessed January 31, 2007.
- ^ UCSB History Page: Did Nazis use human body fat to make soap? Accessed December 29, 2006.
- ^ The soap myth (Jewish Virtual Library) Accessed December 29, 2006.
- ^ Walter Laqueur, The Terrible Secret (Boston: 1980), pp. 82, 219.
- ^ Gitta Sereny, Into That Darkness (London: A. Deutsch, 1974), p. 141 (note).
- ^ "Nazi Soap Rumor During World War II," Los Angeles Times, May 16, 1981, p. II/2.
- ^ Bill Hutman, "Nazis never made human-fat soap," The Jerusalem Post - International Edition, week ending May 5, 1990.
- ^ "Holocaust Expert Rejects Charge That Nazis Made Soap from Jews," Northern California Jewish Bulletin, April 27, 1990. (JTA dispatch from Tel Aviv.) Facsimile in: Christian News, May 21, 1990, p. 19.
- ^ "A Holocaust Belief Cleared Up," Chicago Tribune, April 25, 1990. Facsimile in: Ganpac Brief, June 1990, p. 8.
