Salve Regina
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- For the university, see Salve Regina University.
The "Salve Regina" is one of four Marian antiphons sung at different seasons within the Christian liturgical calendar of the Western Churches. The Salve Regina is sung in the time from Trinity Sunday until the Saturday before the first Sunday of Advent. In the vernacular as a prayer to the Virgin Mary, the Hail Holy Queen is the final prayer of the Rosary.
The work was composed during the Middle Ages most probably by a German monk Hermann of Reichenau and originally appeared in Latin, the prevalent language of Western Christianity until modern times. Traditionally it has been sung in Latin, though many translations exist. These are often used as spoken prayers.
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[edit] Latin Text
- Salve, Regina, Mater misericordiae,
- vita, dulcedo, et spes nostra, salve.
- ad te clamamus
- exsules filii Hevae,
- ad te suspiramus, gementes et flentes
- in hac lacrimarum valle.
- Eia, ergo, advocata nostra, illos tuos
- misericordes oculos ad nos converte;
- et Iesum, benedictum fructum ventris tui,
- nobis post hoc exilium ostende.
- O clemens, O pia, O dulcis Virgo Maria.
In some forms, is added:
- Ora pro nobis sancta Dei Genetrix.
- Ut digni efficiamur promissionibus Christi.
Oremus. Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, qui gloriosae Virginis Matris Mariae corpus et animam, ut dignum Filii tui habitaculum effici mereretur, Spiritu Sancto cooperante praeparasti: da, ut cuius commemoratione laetamur; eius pia intercessione, ab instantibus malis, et a morte perpetua liberemur. Per eundem Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.
[edit] Translations
Variations exist among most translations.
- Traditional English Translation (North America):
(in Europe, "mourning and weeping in this vale of tears" is the more traditional form of the 5th line)
Hail, holy Queen, Mother of Mercy,
our life, our sweetness and our hope.
To thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve;
to thee do we send up our sighs,
mourning and weeping in this valley of tears.
Turn then, most gracious advocate,
thine eyes of mercy toward us;
and after this our exile,
show unto us the blessed fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary.
V./ Pray for us O holy Mother of God,
R./ that we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ.
Let us pray. Almighty, everlasting God, who by the co-operation of the Holy Ghost didst prepare the body and soul of the glorious Virgin-Mother Mary to become a dwelling-place meet for thy Son: grant that as we rejoice in her commemoration; so by her fervent intercession we may be delivered from present evils and from everlasting death. Through the same Christ our Lord. Amen.
- The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops has a more modern translation:
Hail, holy Queen, Mother of mercy,
our life, our sweetness, and our hope.
To you we cry, the children of Eve;
to you we send up our sighs,
mourning and weeping in this land of exile.
Turn, then, most gracious advocate,
your eyes of mercy toward us;
lead us home at last
and show us the blessed fruit of your womb, Jesus:
O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary.
POLISH [[1]]
Witaj Królowo, Matko miłosierdzia,
życie, słodyczy i nadziejo nasza, witaj!
Do Ciebie wołamy wygnańcy synowie Ewy;
do Ciebie wzdychamy jęcząc i płacząc na tym łez padole.
Przeto, Orędowniczko nasza, one miłosierne oczy Twoje na nas zwróć,
a Jezusa błogosławiony owoc żywota Twojego, po tym wygnaniu nam okaż.
O łaskawa,
o litościwa,
o słodka Panno Maryjo!
- German (deutsch) Sei gegrüßt, o Königin
- Esperanto Saluton Reĝino
- French (français) Salut, ô Reine
- Spanish (Español) Salve
[edit] English Hymns based on the Latin original
The Divine Office offers the following hymn as an alternative to the Latin:
Hail, our Queen and Mother blest!
Joy when all was sadness,
Life and hope you gave mankind,
Mother of our gladness!
Children of the sinful Eve,
Sinless Eve, befriend us,
Exiled in this vale of tears:
Strength and comfort send us!
Pray for us, O Patroness,
Be our consolation!
Lead us home to see your Son,
Jesus, our salvation!
Gracious are you, full of grace,
Loving as none other,
Joy of heaven and joy of earth,
Mary, God's own Mother!
Catholic missals generally list two or three verses similar to the following:
Hail, Holy Queen enthroned above, O Maria!
Hail, Mother of mercy and of love, O Maria!
Triumph all ye cherubim!
Sing with us ye seraphim!
Heaven and earth resound the hymn!
Salve, salve, salve, Regina!
Our life, our sweetness here below, O Maria!
Our hope in sorrow and in woe, O Maria!
Triumph all ye cherubim!
Sing with us ye seraphim!
Heaven and earth resound the hymn!
Salve, salve, salve, Regina!
And when our last breath leaves us, O Maria!
Show us thy son Christ Jesus, O Maria!
Triumph all ye cherubim!
Sing with us ye seraphim!
Heaven and earth resound the hymn!
Salve, salve, salve, Regina!
As with many hymns, many more verses exist, but are rarely printed or sung. The Latin text from which these verses are translated is:
Salve Regina coelitum, O Maria!
Sors unica terrigenum, O Maria!
Jubilate, Cherubim,
Exsultate, Seraphim!
Consonante perpetim:
Salve, Salve, Salve Regina.
Mater misericordiae, O Maria!
Dulcis parens clementiae, O Maria!
Jubilate, Cherubim,
Exsultate, Seraphim!
Consonante perpetim:
Salve, Salve, Salve Regina.
The movie Sister Act featured lyrics in English and Latin along these lines.
The 19th century popular hymn Hail Queen of Heaven, the Ocean Star is loosely based on the Salve Regina.
[edit] Background and history
The Salve Regina is predominantly used in the Catholic Church, typically around feast days like the Assumption or Immaculate Conception. However, as a hymn it is less used than in the past due to the reforms of Vatican II and the subsequent explosion of vernacular hymns. As a piece of music, it is extremely old, an example of the Gregorian chant of the Middle Ages; the tune may date back as far as the 11th century.
The origin of this prayer is unclear, although it is usually attributed either to St. Anselm of Lucca (d. 1080) or St. Bernard. There are two legends connecting the anthem with the Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. One legend relates that, while the saint was acting as legate Apostolic in Germany, he entered (Christmas Eve, 1146) the cathedral to the processional chanting of the anthem, and, as the words "O clemens, O pia, O dulcis Virgo Maria" were being sung, genuflected thrice. According to the more common narrative, however, the saint added the triple invocation for the first time, moved thereto by a sudden inspiration. "Plates of brass were laid down in the pavement of thechurch, to mark the footsteps of the man of God to posterity, and the places where he so touchingly implored the clemency, the mercy, and the sweetness of the Blessed Virgin Mary" (Ratisbonne, "Life and Times of St. Bernard", American ed., 1855, p. 381, where fuller details are given).[1]
However, the authorship is now generally ascribed to Hermann Contractus. Durandus, in his "Rationale", ascribed it to Petrus of Monsoro (d. about 1000), Bishop of Compostella. It has also been attributed to Adhémar, Bishop of Podium (Puy-en-Velay), whence it has been styled "Antiphona de Podio" (Anthem of Le Puy). Adhémar was the first to ask permission to go on the crusade, and the first to receive the cross from Pope Urban II. "Before his departure, towards the end of October, 1096, he composed the war-song of the crusade, in which he asked the intercession of the Queen of Heaven, the Salve Regina" (Migne, "Dict. des Croisades", s. v. Adhémar). He is said to have asked the monks of Cluny to admit it into their office, but no trace of its use in Cluny is known before the time of Peter the Venerable, who decreed (about 1135) that the anthem should be sung processionally on certain feasts.[1]
It was set down in its current form at the Abbey of Cluny in the 12th century, and has been widely used in Catholic liturgy since that time. It is commonly said after the completion of the rosary. Liturgically, it is one of four prescribed Marian anthems recited after the office of Compline, and, in some uses, after Lauds or other Hours.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- A site with Marian prayers in different languages; some of the languages have the Salve Regina
- Another site with the Lord's Prayer in multiple languages; some of the languages also have the Salve Regina
- The History of Traditional Marian Prayers
- The Holy Rosary
[edit] See also
- Prayer to Mary (Mary, the mother of Jesus)
- Mariology
- Power of Christian prayer
- Dialogues of the Carmelites
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