Ligier

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Ligier
Type	Subsidiary
Founded	1968
Founder	Guy Ligier
Headquarters	Abrest, France
Industry	Automobile & Formula One
Parent	Piaggio & Co. SpA
Website	www.ligier-automobiles.com

Ligier is a French automobile maker created by former racing driver and rugby player Guy Ligier.

The firm entered the automobile business with the Ligier JS2,^[1] a central-engined sports car for the road powered by the same Maserati V6 engine as the Citroën SM. The Maserati V6 engine had a modern design and the JS2 was considered by many as a well designed car with a very good power-to-weight ratio^{[citation needed]}. The final SMs were also produced in the Ligier factory in Vichy^{[citation needed]}. The 1973 energy crisis caused such a decline in the market for the JS2 that production ceased soon after, and the firm changed its focus to microcars, for example, 1984 moped-powered Ligier JS6.

Ligier is now owned by Italy's Piaggio, and under the Ligier brand name a range of microcars (sometimes referred to in Europe as quadricycles), microtrucks and quads are produced. The X-Too and Be Two microcars and the XPro microtruck, all of them powered by a 4 kW diesel engine, do not require a driving licence, but just a moped permit, due to their very small engine capacity and weight.

[edit] Ligier F1

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article. (Discuss)

Ligier JS5, Ligier's first F1 car.
Designed by Gerard Ducarouge.

Ligier is best known for its Formula One team that operated from 1976 to 1996. Ligier entered Formula One in 1976 with a Matra V12-powered car, and won a Grand Prix with Jacques Laffite in 1977. This is generally considered to have been the first all-French victory in the Formula One World Championship.^[2]

The deal with Matra ceased in 1979 and Ligier built a Cosworth-powered wing-car, the Ligier JS11. The JS11 begin the season winning the first 2 races in the hands of Laffite. However, the JS11 faced serious competition when Williams and Ferrari introduced aerodynamically modified cars. The rest of the season was less successful for the French marque.

Ligier used a turbo engine for the first time in 1984. Andrea de Cesaris drives the JS23 chassis at that year's United States Grand Prix.

The JS11 and its successors made Ligier one of the top teams through the early 1980s. Despite substantial sponsorship from Talbot and public French companies - mainly SEITA and Française des Jeux (deals which François Mitterrand helped to put in place^{[citation needed]}) - the competitiveness of the team began to decline around 1982. In the mid 1980s, the team benefitted from a "free" Renault turbo engine deal. This made them more competitive, though not a frontrunner, despite sponsorship from companies such as Gitanes, Loto and elf. When Renault left the sport in 1986, Ligier was left without a bona fide engine supplier. An abortive collaboration with Alfa Romeo was followed by customer engine deals with Megatron (who provided them with rebadged BMW engines), Judd and Cosworth and then works contracts with Lamborghini, Renault and Mugen-Honda.

Ligier's last F1 car, the JS43, on display. Driven by Olivier Panis and Pedro Diniz, it provided Panis' only F1 victory and Ligier's last, at the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix.

In the last years Ligier had little public support and lacked funds. Surprisingly, the team was somewhat more competitive during this period, perhaps due to the talents of aerodynamicist Frank Dernie, whose skills had developed the Williams of Alan Jones that so regularly beat the Ligiers in the late 1970s.

The talent of the young engineer Loïc Bigois may have played some role as well. But this also brings some to think that, in previous years, Guy Ligier was more worried about making money than restoring the team competitiveness^{[citation needed]}. Famous for his histrionics and boisterous pitlane explosions, the recalcitrant Guy Ligier added greatly to the character of Formula One events from the mid 1970s onward, if not through the competitiveness of his teams. As one F1 commentator famously said, "You always had the feeling that even when they were winning they didn't know why..."^{[citation needed]}. Certainly the team enjoyed an upswing when Guy Ligier sold the team to Cyril de Rouvre after a disappointing 1992 season^{[citation needed]} when they once again failed to fulfil their potential despite being supplied with the same works Renault engines as the dominant Williams team - they scored eight podium finishes over the next four years, contrasting sharply with their failure to secure a single top three position between 1987 and 1992.

In 1996, the Mugen Honda-powered JS43 turned out to be a well balanced car, if not on par with the Williams entries^{[citation needed]}. It became a surprise winner as well, with the team taking the chequered flag with Olivier Panis at the Monaco Grand Prix, albeit in a race of heavy attrition. While the victory was a famous moment for French Motorsport (the first "all-French" victory at Monaco since René Dreyfus in Bugatti in 1930), it must be said it came very much against the run of play in a race in which only four cars finished the full distance.

The team was sold to Alain Prost soon after and became Prost Grand Prix in 1997. Prost GP, despite substantial financial backing by large private French companies failed to make the team competitive and went bankrupt in 2002.

The team traditionally used numbers 25 and 26.

[edit] Complete World Championship Formula One results

(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)

[edit] Notes

1. ^ The Ligier motorcars were all designated with the prefix "JS" in honour of Ligier's great friend and cohort, Jo Schlesser, who was killed in the 1968 French Grand Prix while driving for Honda.
2. ^ Chassis, engine and driver were French. The gearbox was British (Hewland) and the tyres American (Goodyear). Alain Prost and Renault had later victories with an all-Renault car and Michelin tyres.

[edit] Gallery

Ligier Nova	Ligier Nova	Ligier JS2	Ligier JS2
Ligier JS2

[edit] Ligier JS49 (2005)

In 2005, Ligier returned to sports cars with a "gentlemen driver" car, the JS49, a sport prototype [1] made for the 2000 cc CN class.

[edit] External links

• (English) (French) (Italian) (Spanish) Official website
• (French) Pictures of Microcars made by Ligier

v • d • e Ligier Founder: Guy Ligier Designer: Gérard Ducarouge Formula One cars: JS5 | JS7 | JS9 | JS11 | JS11/15 | JS17 | JS17B | JS19 | JS21 | JS23 | JS25 | JS27 | JS29B | JS29C | JS31 | JS33 | JS33B | JS35B | JS37 | JS39 | JS39B | JS41 | JS43