Insulin-like growth factor 2

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Insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)
PDB rendering based on 1igl.
Available structures: 1igl
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	IGF2; C11orf43; FLJ22066; FLJ44734; INSIGF; pp9974
External IDs	OMIM: 147470 MGI: 96434 HomoloGene: 510
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding • hormone activity • insulin-like growth factor binding • growth factor activity • prothoracicotrophic hormone activity Cellular Component: • cellular_component • extracellular region Biological Process: • regulation of progression through cell cycle • skeletal development • imprinting • multicellular organismal development • biological_process • cell proliferation • insulin receptor signaling pathway
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3481	16002
Ensembl	ENSG00000167244	ENSMUSG00000048583
Uniprot	P01344	P09535
Refseq	NM_000612 (mRNA) NP_000603 (protein)	NM_010514 (mRNA) NP_034644 (protein)
Location	Chr 11: 2.11 - 2.13 Mb	Chr 7: 142.46 - 142.47 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is one of three protein hormones that share structural similarity to insulin.

Contents 1 Gene structure 2 Protein structure 3 Function 4 Diseases 5 See also 6 External links 7 References 8 Further reading

[edit] Gene structure

In humans, the IGF2 gene is located on chromosome 11p15.5, a region which contains numerous imprinted genes. In mice this homologous region is found at distal chromosome 7. In both organisms, Igf2 is imprinted, with expression resulting favourably from the paternally inherited allele.

The protein CTCF is involved in repressing expression of the gene, by binding to the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) along with Differentially-methylated Region-1 (DMR1) and Matrix Attachment Region -3 (MAR3). These three DNA sequences bind to CTCF in a way that limits downstream enhancer access to the Igf2 region. The mechanism in which CTCF binds to these regions is currently unknown, but could include either a direct DNA-CTCF interaction or it could possibly be mediated by other proteins

[edit] Protein structure

IGF-2 exerts its effects by binding to the IGF-1 receptor. IGF2 may also bind to the IGF-2 receptor (also called the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor), which acts as a signalling antagonist; that is, to prevent IGF2 responses.

[edit] Function

The major role of IGF2 is as a growth promoting hormone during gestation.

[edit] Diseases

It is sometimes produced in non-islet cell tumours, causing hypoglycemia (Doege-Potter syndrome).

[edit] See also

• Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor

[edit] External links

• MeSH Insulin-Like+Growth+Factor+II

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

v • d • e Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands (Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones) Hypothalamic-pituitary Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α (FSH, LH, TSH), GH, prolactin, POMC (ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin) Adrenal axis Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA Thyroid axis Thyroid: thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH Gonadal axis Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin (pregnancy) Other end. glands Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin Non-end. glands Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Thymulin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, IGF-2) Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3