Hawiye

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article: Somali clan

Hawiye
Total population
14,000,000 (est.)[citation needed]
Regions with significant populations
Somalia  Ethiopia  Kenya
Languages
Somali
Religions
Islam (Sunni)
Related ethnic groups
Isaaq, Dir clan, other Somali clans groups.

Hawiye is a Somali clan whose members live in central and southern Somalia, in larger numbers in Kenya and Ethiopia, and in smaller numbers in other countries. Like many Somalis, Hawiye members trace their ancestry to Irir Samaale. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Human Rights Watch indicate that Hawiye is the largest Somali clan.^[1][2] Other sources, including the Canadian Report of the Somalia Commission of Inquiry, indicate that the Darod is the largest Somali clan.^[3][4] As of 2007, Hawiye is the dominant clan in the Somali capital, Mogadishu.^[5]

Contents 1 History 2 Hawiye sub-clans 3 Notable Hawiye people 3.1 Literature 4 Hawiye warlords 4.1 Military 4.2 Political 4.2.1 Traditional rule 5 Political factions and organizations 6 Notes

[edit] History

The first reference to the Hawiye dates to the 13th century writings of the Arab geographer, Ibn Sa'id, who describes Merca as the "capital of Hawiye country". The 12th century cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi may have referred to the Hawiye as well, as he called Merca the region of the "Hadiye", which Herbert S. Lewis believes is a scribal error for "Hawiye", as do Guilliani, Schleicher, and Cerulli.^[6]

Al Jazeera News reported on 13 April 2007 that senior Hawiye leaders declared war on the Ethiopian Army, which is positioned inside Somalia, and called upon their fellow Somalis to join them.^[7]

[edit] Hawiye sub-clans

Subclans of the Hawiye include:^[8]

• Abgaal
• Ajuran
• Baada cade Afgaab
• Duduble
• Fiqishini
• Garre
• Gidir Karanle
• Gorgaarte
• Gugudhabe
• Habar Gidir
• Hawadle
• Hiilebi
• Hintire
• Hobay
• Iilawaay
• Kaariye Karanle
• Karanle
• Mariixaan Gorgaarte
• Masare
• Maxamad Gorgaarte
• Mayle Gorgaarte
• Moobleen
• Murusade
• Raaranle
• Reer Cabdiraxmaan
• Reer Gasar
• Reer Gedow
• Reer Isse or (Garjante)
• Sheekhaal
• Silcis
• Sixawle Karanle
• Udeejeen
• Wacdaan
• Wacweytan
• Wadalaan
• Xaskul

[edit] Notable Hawiye people

[edit] Literature

• Abdi Bashiir Indhobuur, poet and composer who wrote many famous patriotic songs

[edit] Hawiye warlords

• Musa Sudi Yalahow, Somali warlord who served as Trade Minister in the Transitional Government of Ali Mohammed Ghedi
• Omar Muhamoud Finnish, leader of a splinter movement of the United Somali Congress/Somali Salvation Alliance
• Mohamed Omar Habeb Dhere, Somali warlord, governor and mayor of Banadir and Mogadishu
• Osman Ali Atto, Hawiye:Habar Gedir:Sacad; SNA; appointed Minister of Public Works and Housing; resigned on July 27, 2006 with the victory of the Islamic Courts Union in the Second Battle of Mogadishu.
• Yusuf Mohammed Siad Inda'ade was an Islamist member of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) in Somalia, and serves as the ICU's head of security affairs.
• Hussein Mohamed Farrah, Somali warlord Former President of Somalia; leader of SNA and SRRC; Deputy Prime Minister; former Interior Minister; moved to Minister of Public Works and Housing in February 2007
• Abdi Hasan Awale Qeybdiid, a Somali militia leader, or warlord, affiliated with the Somali National Alliance and a member of the Habar Gedir clan

[edit] Military

• General Daud Abdulle Hirsi, the first Somali with the rank of general in the first Somali Army

[edit] Political

• Nur Hassan Hussein Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government.
• Abdullahi Issa, Prime minister of Somalia 1949–1960, chairman of the Somali Youth League political party.
• Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, the first president of Somalia 1960–1967
• Haji Farah Ali Omar, the first Somali finance minister (1960–1969) and the inventor of the Somali five shilling
• Ali Shido Abdi, one the earliest members of SYL and former vice chairman.
• Bonaya Godana,Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kenya, 1998 - 2001.
• Abdullahi Ahmed Addou, ambassador to the United States (1970-1980), finance minister (1980-1984)
• Ali Mahdi Muhammad, interim president of Somalia
• Mohamed Farrah Aidid, chairman of United Somali Congress and the Somali National Alliance
• Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, Member of Parliament, current chairperson of the United Somali Congress, came third at the Somali presidential elections in Kenya in October 2004
• Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, former president, 2000-2004
• Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Prime Minister of Somalia since 2004
• Sharif Ahmed, leader of Islamic Courts of Somalia
• Ibrahim Hassan Addou, foreign minister for the Islamic Courts of Somalia

[edit] Traditional rule

• Olol Diinle, Sultan of Ajuran

[edit] Political factions and organizations

• United Somali Congress (USC) Formed in 1989, it played a key role in the ouster of the government of Siad Barre
• Somali National Alliance (SNA) formed by Mohamed Farrah Aidid
• Somali Salvation Army, the Ali Mahdi Muhammad branch of the United Somali Congress
• Juba Valley Alliance (JVA), primary opponent of the Somali Patriotic Movement
• Islamic Courts Union (ICU), a rival administration to the Transitional Federal Government.
• Hizbul Shabaab, the Youth Movement wing of the ICU before ceding the organisation to Aden Hashi Farah "Eyrow".
• Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism, (ARPCT) a Somali alliance created by various warlords and businesspeople
• The Democratic Union Party (DUP), has supporters in the area of Negele Boran in the Borena Zone, with the majority of the Hawiye/Degodia clan heading the party

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Central Intelligence Agency (2002). Ethnic Groups. Somalia Summary Map. Retrieved on February 15, 2006.
2. ^ Human Rights Watch (1990). Somalia: Human Rights Developments. Human Rights Watch World Report 1990. Retrieved on November 21, 2005.
3. ^ The Situation in Somalia. Report of the Somali Commission of Inquiry, Vol. 1. Retrieved on November 21, 2005.
4. ^ Somalia Assesment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure, Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain
5. ^ "'Truce' after Somali gun battle", BBC News, 2007-03-23. Retrieved on 2007-04-13. 
6. ^ Herbert S. Lewis, "The Origins of the Galla and Somali", in The Journal of African History. Cambridge University Press, 1966, pp 27–30.
7. ^ "Somali clan 'at war' with Ethiopia"
8. ^ World Bank (January 2005). Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics (PDF). Appendix 2: Lineage Charts 56-57. Retrieved on June 15, 2006.