Ethelbert of York
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| Ethelbert | |
| Archbishop of York | |
| Enthroned | {{{began}}} |
|---|---|
| Ended | November 8, 780 |
| Predecessor | Ecgbert |
| Successor | Eanbald I |
| Consecration | April 24, 767 |
| Born | unknown |
| Died | November 8, 780 |
Ethelbert (or Æthelbeorht, Adalberht, Ælberht, Aelberht, Aldbert or Æthelbert) (died November 8, 780) was an eighth century scholar, teacher, priest and Archbishop of York.
Contents |
[edit] Life
Ethelbert, was the teacher and intimate friend of Alcuin, whose poem on the saints and prelates of the Church of York, De Sanctis et Pontificibus Ecclesiæ Eboracensis, is the principal source of information concerning Ethelbert's life.[1] He was a kinsman of his predecessor Archbishop Egbert, brother to Eadberht, King of Northumbria and a pupil in the school founded at York by Egbert, who ordained him priest and made him master of the school.[2] Alcuin's affectionate eulogy, praised his erudition in grammar, rhetoric, law, poetry, astronomy, natural history, and Scripture, and his stern but supportive nature.
Ethelbert loved books ardently and spared no pains in forming a library at York,[3] which was probably the largest contemporary collection of books to be found in Europe outside of Rome. Alcuin mentions several Latin and Greek classical authors, as well as the Fathers and other Christian writers that formed the 8th century canon. Ethelbert, in his search for books, travelled far, and we know that he visited Rome among other places.[2] He taught both the trivium as well as the quadrivium, plus how to figure the dates of church festivals and natural science.[1]
In 766 Ethelbert succeeded Egbert as Archbishop; he was consecrated April 24, 767,[4] and received the pallium from Pope Adrian I in 773.[1] As archbishop he continued his simple and laborious life, working with such success that he is regarded as one of the founders of the diocese of York.
He set himself to rebuild the York Minster, which had been destroyed by fire in 741, employing Eanbald and Alcuin to oversee the work.[5] Alcuin speaks of its magnificence, its columns and crypts, bright windows and ceilings, the tall crucifix of precious metals, the thirty altars it contained, and the gold, silver, and jewels employed in the decoration of sacred vessels and altars.[1]
From the center of learning at York, Ethelbert sent out preachers and evangelizing teachers among the pagans of Northern Europe: Willibrord as a missionary to the Frisians and Saxons, and Alubert and Liudger, the Apostles of North Germany.[6]
In 774, Ethelbert called a council which deposed Alhred, king of Northumbria and sent the ex-king into exile with the Picts. The cause of the deposition may have been related to the missionary work.[7]
In 780 Ethelbert consecrated Eanbald as his coadjutor bishop and committed to Alcuin the care of the school and library and retired to a cell where he spent some time in devotion.[8] He lived long enough to consecrate the new cathedral, ten days before his death on November 8.[4][7][9] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, however, gives the year of his death at 781.
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d Rollason "Ælberht (d. 779/80)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online Edition accessed November 9, 2007
- ^ a b Duckett Alcuin p. 19-22
- ^ Hindley A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons p. 152
- ^ a b Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 224
- ^ Duckett Alcuin p. 27
- ^ Duckett Alcuin p. 31
- ^ a b Ashely Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens p. 291-292
- ^ Duckett Alcuin p. 32
- ^ Duckett Alcuin p. 34
[edit] References
- Ashely, Mike The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens New York: Carroll & Graff 1998 ISBN 0-7967-0692-9
- Duckett, Eleanor Shipley Alcuin, Friend of Charlemagne: His World and His Work New York:MacMillan 1951
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology, Third Edition, revised, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Hindley, Geoffrey A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The beginnings of the English nation New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers 2006 ISBN 978-0-78671738-5
- Rollason, David "Ælberht (d. 779/80)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 Online Edition accessed November 9, 2007
[edit] External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Ethelbert of York
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 776 - 799
- Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England entry for Æthelberht
| Roman Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ecgbert |
Archbishop of York 766–779 |
Succeeded by Eanbald I |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ethelbert |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Æthelbeorht; Adalberht; Aelberht; Aldbert; Ælberht; Æthelbert |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Archbishop of York |
| DATE OF BIRTH | |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | November 8, 780 |
