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[edit] Everything below this line is just for me
The cool edit-which-added-those-words tool is at User:TotoBaggins.
Wood's metal, named for American metallurgist B. Wood, is also known as Lipowitz's Alloy or by the commercial names cerrobend, bendalloy or pewtalloy. It is a fusible alloy that becomes liquid at approximately 70 °C (158 °F). It is a eutectic alloy of 50% bismuth, 26.7% lead, 13.3% tin, and 10% cadmium by weight.[1] Typical applications are as low-melting solder, low-temperature casting metal, as a high temperature coupling fluid in heat baths, and as a fire-melted valve element in building fire sprinkler systems. Medical gas cylinders in the UK have a Wood's metal seal which melts in fire, allowing the contents to escape and reducing the risk of explosion.
Because it contains lead and cadmium contact with the bare skin is thought to be harmful, especially in the molten state. Vapour from cadmium-containing alloys is also known to pose a danger to humans. Cadmium poisoning carries the risk of respiratory, liver, kidney, and bone damage, loss of the sense of smell, and cancer. Field's metal is its non-toxic alternative.
Because of its low melting temperature, Wood's metal is useful for repairing antiques. To repair a bent piece made of sheet metal, a die can be cast from a good example, and the low temperature of the alloy makes it unlikely that the original will be harmed by the process. The damaged piece can then be clamped in the die and slowly tightened to form it back into shape.
It is named for its primary use as a filler when bending thin-walled metal tubes. For this use the tubing is filled with molten Cerrobend. Once the Cerrobend solidifies the tubing is bent, the filler preventing collapse of the tubing. The Cerrobend is then removed by heating, often by boiling in water.
Cerrobend also has uses for making custom-shaped apertures and blocks (for example, electron-beam cutouts and lung blocks) for medical radiation treatment, and making metal inlays in wood.
A similar alloy is called Cerrosafe. This non-eutectic alloy melts at 165 °F (74 °C). Its main use is by gunsmiths, for making a reference casting of the chamber of a firearm. When it solidifies it first shrinks, allowing its easy removal from the chamber. When it cools it expands back to the exact size of the chamber. The Cerrosafe casting can then be easily and directly measured with calipers or a micrometer to determine the exact dimension of the weapon's chamber, which is important for safety.
Alloys with even lower melting temperatures are Cerrolow 136 and Cerrolow 117 that melt at 136 °F (58 °C) and 117 °F (47 °C) respectively. The Cerrolow alloys are eutectic alloys.
Their compositions are as follows:
Cerrobend Tin 13.3%, Bismuth 50%, Lead 26.7% Cadmium 10%
Cerrosafe Tin 11.3%, Bismuth 42.5% Lead 37.7% Cadmium 8.5%
Cerrolow 136 Tin 12% Bismuth 49% Lead 18% Indium 21%
Cerrolow 117 Tin 8.3% Bismuth 44.7% Lead 22.6% Cadmium 5.3% Indium 19.1%
Other low-melting solders and fusible alloys include Rose metal, Galinstan, NaK, and alloys of indium and bismuth.
[edit] References
- Birchon's Dictionary of Metallurgy London 1965
- Experimental techniques in low-temperature physics By G. K. White, Oxford University Press, Third Edition.
[edit] External links
Todo:
- steroid antifungal drug thingo
- mycelium
- copyedit GC-content
- copyedit morpholino
- Francesco's egg question
- koji mold
- arabinose operon
- diagram for SUMO
- copyedit 24 hour time
- FAR sperm whale?
- Look into descrepancy Emericella/Aspergillus in the taxoboxes of Asp. spp. Also lack of wikilinking to groups higher than genus in eg the A. fumigatus page
- Put back the stuff about the big mycelium on the mycelium page, and/or remove ref which is currently doing nothing
- Mirror test?
- Peter Doherty's comments on Mechanno
- check Dawkins summary on list of atheists
- actibind
- coulter
- puck paragraph
- awb
- "main" template in biblical inerrancy
The flavus complex currently includes 23 species or varieties, including two sexual species, Petromyces alliaceus and P. albertensis. Microbiology. 2007 Jun;153(Pt 6):1677-92. Links
Aspergillus flavus: human pathogen, allergen and mycotoxin producer.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics Volume 19, Issue 9 , 15 April 2004, Pages 953-962
lambda phage lamda phage bacteriophage lambda bacteriophage lamda bacteriaphage lamda bacteriaphage lambda regulatory gene disambig repair
arabinase bull whaler bull whaler shark monte python red paperclip Stachybotrys alternans and Stachybotrys atra Wild type A gene, cell or organism that displays the typical phenotype and/or genotype for the species and is therefore adopted as a standard. -Genomes
wild-type Normal, nonmutant form of an organism; the form found in nature (in the wild). -MBOC
wild type The genotype or phenotype that is found in nature or in the standard laboratory stock for a given organism. -an intro to genetic analysis
[edit] Table to go in my article on koji moulds (when I get around to it)
Typical uses of various koji molds
| Aspergillus species |
Food or beverage |
Description |
| A. awamori |
awamori |
awamori distilled spirits |
| A. glaucus |
katsuobushi |
dried bonito fish |
| A. kawachii |
shochu |
other distilled spirits |
| (blank for now) |
mirin |
seasoning made of rice |
| (blank for now) |
miso |
soy bean paste |
| A. oryzae |
sake |
rice wine (but see note at sake page) |
| (blank for now) |
shoyu |
soy sauce |
| A. shirosamii |
shochu |
other distilled spirits |
| A. sojae |
shoyu |
soy sauce |
Metabolism of arabinose in E. coli
| Substrate |
Protein(s) |
Function |
Reversible |
Product |
| L-arabinose |
AraA |
isomerase |
yes |
L-ribulose |
| L-ribulose |
AraB |
ribulokinase |
no |
L-ribulose-phosphate |
| L-ribulose-phosphate |
AraD |
epimerase |
yes |
D-xylulose-phosphate |
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- This article claims that Godless is actually a satire of the ID movement, deliberately full of disproven claims, and used by Coulter to expose the ridiculousness of ID. Embarassingly, I can't figure out whether the book really is a satire, or whether the book is serious and the article is satirically calling it a satire, as a way of highlighting how terrible the book is. Can anyone help? –Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 06:55, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
Hello Adrian, I'm glad you brought up the topic on the zebrafish page of injection at the two-cell stage in zebrafish -- not everyone working in zebrafish knows about the late establishment of intercell permeability barriers, so that was a good opportunity to address the topic and slip in Chuck Kimmel's references. Many organisms do have tight barriers immediately, such as Xenopus; there's a good paper establishing that in Xenopus by Nutt et al. in Genesis: http://www.wiley.com/legacy/products/subject/life/anatomy/genesis_morpholino.html Nutt SL, Bronchain OJ, Hartley KO, Amaya E. Comparison of morpholino based translational inhibition during the development of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis. Genesis. 2001 Jul;30(3):110-3. These folks regularly use the stratagem you described of injecting one cell of the two cell embryo and analyzing half of the tadpole as a control and the other half as experimental. Keep up the good work!
- Jon
JonMoulton 14:10, 16 April 2007 (UTC)
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