User:Dlackty/Sandbox
维基百科，自由的百科全书
標籤是附加在片段資訊（像是圖片、文章或是短片）的相對應的關鍵字或術語，用來描述該資訊，或是使該資訊可以被以關鍵字為基礎的分類系統正確的分類。
標籤通常是被其作者簡略的附加上作品，也就是說標籤並非依照正式的分類法規則而訂定。 Tags are typically used in dynamic, flexible, automatically generated 網際網路分類 for online resources such as 電腦檔案、網頁、數位影像以及線上書籤 (包含社會書籤服務以及新世代網頁瀏覽器—參見Flock)。基於此原因，標籤常常被視為Web 2.0的重要指標。
典型的標籤物件會有一個或多個標籤作為部分分類系統或是軟體的一部份。這些軟體會產生連結到其他使用相同標籤的物件或甚至是特定的標籤集合This allows for multiple "browse-able paths" through the items which can quickly and easily be altered by the collection's administrator, with minimal effort and planning.
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[编辑] 標籤範例
A 網頁 hosted on a web server or blog server which supports tagging, might have the tags 棒球, 紅襪隊, 門票, Away Games, and Discounts.讀者可藉由標籤清單快速的分辨出頁面的主旨。 Typically, the server would display the tags in a list on that page, with each tag displayed as a web link leading to an index page listing all web pages which use that tag. This allows a reader to locate quickly all pages which have been associated with the term Red Sox. If the server supports tag searching, a reader would be able to find all pages that use a particular set of tags, such as Red Sox and Tickets.
如果頁面作者想要重新分類頁面，他們只需要修改標籤列表。在這個情況下，他可以增加Blue Jays以及Paypal標籤到他的頁面上。伺服器軟體會自動替頁面的連結做更新及追蹤，不須將頁面重新置於正確的分類階層下。
雖然標籤是一種如此的有彈性並易於使用的分類法，但還是有些許缺點。Typically there is no information about the meaning or semantics of a tag. For example, the tag "apple" might refer to the fruit, Apple Computer, the Beatles' music label, or Gwyneth Paltrow's baby. This lack of semantic distinction in tags can lead to inappropriate connections between items. Additionally, selection of "tag terms" is highly individualistic. Different people may use drastically different terms to describe the same concept: for example items related to a version of Apple Computer's operating system might be tagged both "Mac OS X", "Tiger", and possibly many other terms. Users of tagging systems must make judgements, based on the number of connections and the choices of "tag terms", whether possible connections between items are valid for their interests.
Tag classification, and the concept of connecting sets of tags between web/blog servers, has lead to the rise of folksonomy classification over the internet, the concept of social bookmarking, and other forms of social software. Larger-scale folksonomies tend to address some of the problems of tagging, as astute users of tagging system will monitor/search the current use of "tag terms" within these systems, and tend to use existing tags in order to easily form connections to related items. In this way, evolving folksonomies define a set of tagging conventions through eventual group consensus, rather than by use of a formalized standard.
Although "tagging" is often promoted as an alternative to organization by a hierarchy of categories, more and more online resources seem to use a hybrid system, where items are organized into broad categories, with finer classification distinctions being made by the use of tags.
[编辑] 其他分類方式
- Hierarchy - 只能在特定情況下使用，但是相對的更加準確。
- Ordered list - 偶爾可運用在大型物件群中。
- Network - Always applicable, but may result in enormous taxonomies to be able to define all types of relations
[编辑] 語法
Some tagging systems provide a single text box to enter textual tags. To be able to tokenize the string, a separator must be used. A popular separator is the 空白字元. To enable the use of separators in the tags, a system may allow for higher-level separators (such as quotation marks) or 跳脫字元s. Systems can avoid the use of separators by allowing only one tag to be added to each input widget at a time, although this makes adding multiple tags inefficient.
Another syntax for use within HTML is to use the attribute rel="tag" to indicate that the linked-to page acts as a tag for the current context. For example, to tag this page with 'folksonomy' you would add <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/folksonomy" rel="tag">folksonomy</a>.
更多的細節可參考：rel tag specification.
[编辑] 早期知名的標籤應用網站
- Del.icio.us - A social bookmarking site that allows users to bookmark many sites and then tag them with many descriptive words, allowing other people to search by those terms to find pages that other people found useful.
- Flickr -使用者得以用特定名詞、形容詞或動詞標籤影像的服務，也可以標籤做搜尋。
- Gmail - A webmail site that was one of the first to allow categorization of objects using tags, known as "labels" on emails.
- Technorati - 部落格搜尋引擎。
- Last.fm - 社會音樂革命，以wiki為基礎並允許使用者標籤歌手、專輯或是歌曲做為個人使用或他人使用的網站。
[编辑] 參見
[编辑] 外部連結
- The Hive Mind Folksonomies and User-Based Tagging. by Ellyssa Kroski, 12月7日, 2005年.
- A cognitive analysis of tagging. by Rashmi Sinha, 9月27日, 2005年.
