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自燃 - Wikipedia

自燃

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自燃是指可燃物质在没有外部火花、火焰等火源的作用下,因受热或自身发热并蓄热所产生的自行燃烧

將化學物質置於某個溫度或以上,它會自燃。該溫度稱為自燃點自燃溫度。在日常生活中看到自燃,原因大部分都是自燃點太低所造成。例如白磷的自燃點只是34 °C,只要稍微加熱一點,便會自燃,故通常都保存於水中。

四周的環境的內能(溫度越高,內能越高)提供了燃燒所需的活化能。這個溫度會隨壓力增加或氧氣濃度增加而減少。

ASTM測量液體自燃點的標準步驟是:將一個載有液體的500ml容器放於焗爐內。[1]

[编辑] 自燃方程

向物質施加熱流q'',使得它由原來溫度T0加熱到自燃點Tig所需的時間t為:

t = \left ( \frac{\pi}{4} \right ) \left (k \rho c \right )\left [ \frac{T_{igT_\infty}{q''} \right] }- [2]

  • k = 熱傳導係數 (W/(m·K))
  • ρ = 密度 (kg/m³)
  • c = 比熱容量 (J/(kg·K))
  • q (W/m²)
  • T0,Tig (°C或K)

[编辑] 常見物質的自燃點

[编辑] 參考

  1. ^ E659 – 78 (Reapproved 2000), “Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals,” ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
  2. ^ Principles of Fire Behavior. ISBN 0-8273-7732-0. 1998.


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