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置换群 - Wikipedia

置换群

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数学上,一个置换群是一个群G,其元素是一个给定集M的置换,而其群作用是G中的置换(可以看作是从M到自身的双射)的复合;其关系经常写作(G,M)。注意所有置换的群是对称群;置换群通常是指对称群的一个子群。n个元素的置换群记为Sn;若M 是任意有限或无限集合,则所有M的置换组成的对称群通常写作Sym(M)。

置换群到被置换的元素的应用称为群作用;它在对称性和组合论以及数学的其他很多分支中有应用。

[编辑] 例子

置换通常写作循环形式,例如,在循环下标计算中,给定集合M = {1,2,3,4},M的一个置换g若为g(1) = 2, g(2) = 4, g(4) = 1 and g(3) = 3,可以写作(1,2,4)(3),或者更常见的写作,(1,2,4)因为3保持不变;若对象有单个字母或数字表示,逗号也被省去,所以可以记作(1 2 4)。

[编辑] 参看

[编辑] 参考

  • John D. Dixon and Brian Mortimer. Permutation Groups. Number 163 in Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, 1996.
  • Akos Seress. Permutation group algorithms. Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, 152. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003.
  • Meenaxi Bhattacharjee, Dugald Macpherson, Rögnvaldur G. Möller and Peter M. Neumann. Notes on Infinite Permutation Groups. Number 1698 in Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, 1998.
  • Alexander Hulpke. GAP Data Library "Transitive Permutation Groups".


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