紐姆記譜法

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紐姆記譜法（Neumes）或稱紐姆譜，是一種早期的記譜法，出現於五線譜誕生以前。大約形成於9世紀，並且於10世紀發展出四線譜，到了12世紀，才發展出標記音符時間長短的方法。

[编辑] 相關文獻

• Graduale triplex (1979). Tournai: Desclée& Socii. ISBN 2-85274-094-X, a special edition of the Graduale Romanum with chant notation in three forms, one above the other, for easy comparison: Laon, St. Gall, and square note
• Liber usualis (1953). Tournai: Desclée& Socii.
• Paléographie musicale, ISBN 2-85274-219-5, facsimiles of early adiastamatic chant manuscripts
• Apel, Willi (1990). Gregorian Chant. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-20601-4.
• Constantin Floros, "Universale Neumenkunde" (Universal Theory of Neumes); three-volume covering all major styles and schools of neumatic musical notation in three major divisions: Byzantine, Gregorian and Slavic.* Hiley, David (1990). Chant. In Performance Practice: Music before 1600, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie, eds., pp. 37-54. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-02807-0
• Hiley, David (1995). Western Plainchant: A Handbook. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-816572-2.
• Mahrt, William P. (2000). Chant. In A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music, Ross Duffin, ed., pp. 1-22. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33752-6
• McKinnon, James, ed. (1990). Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-036153-4.
• Wagner, Peter. (1911) Einführung in die Gregorianischen Melodien. Ein Handbuch der Choralwissenschaft. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
• Wilson, David (1990). Music of the Middle Ages. Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-872951-X.

[编辑] 外部連結

• Solesmes Abbey
• The Intonation of the Eight Tones Byzantine notation