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攻角 - Wikipedia

攻角

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圖中之α為此翼剖面之攻角
圖中之α為此翼剖面之攻角

攻角(Angle Of Attack,英文縮寫為AOA,羅馬符號常用α)為一空氣動力學之名詞,基本的定義為機翼翼弦與自由流(或是相對風速)之夾角。當機翼向上為正攻角,向下則為負攻角。[1][2]

它有可能與俯仰角搞混。俯仰角是指翼弦與飛行器俯仰之夾角,而攻角是指與自由流之夾角。[3]

機翼要有升力,則必須要有攻角或是弧度(camber)。有弧度的機翼,其零升力攻角不為零,也就是在攻角0度時,有弧線的機翼就有升力。而對稱翼不具弧線,所以在攻角0度時沒有升力,必須要有攻角,機翼才能提供升力。

當機翼因其它因素干擾,此時對於該翼剖面的相對風速可能與飛行器的相對風速不一樣,所以在翼剖面上的相對風速與翼弦之夾角才是有效攻角。最常見的情況為,在機翼翼尖的部分,因三維釋放效應,空氣由機翼下方往上翻,使得有效攻角變小,並造成額外的阻力,我們稱這種阻力為誘導阻力,而原本的攻角與有效攻角之差為誘導攻角[1]

[编辑] 相關條目

[编辑] 参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Jonh Anderson(2005).Fundamentals of Aerodynamics,4th. Edition.New York:McGRAW-Hill.ISBN 0071254080 
  2. ^ Warren Phillips(2004).Mechanics of Flight.Hoboken:Wiley.ISBN 0471334588 
  3. ^ Jonh Anderson(1999).Aircraft Performance and Design.New York:McGRAW-Hill.ISBN 0071160108 


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