哥特哈德·海因里希
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| 哥特哈德·海因里希 | |
|---|---|
| 12月25日, 1886年 – 12月13日, 1971年 | |
| 出生地點： | Gumbinnen (Gusev), 東普魯士 |
| 逝世地點： | Endersbach, (Weinstadt) |
| 國家： |  德意志帝國 (to 1918年) 威瑪共和 (to 1933年) 納粹德國 |
| 服役年份： | 1905 - 1945 |
| 階級： | 大將 |
| 統率： | XXXXIII.Armeekorps 第4裝甲軍團 第1軍團 維斯杜拉河集團軍群 |
| 參與戰役： | 第一次世界大戰 第二次世界大戰
|
| 獲得勳表： | 橡葉騎士佩寶劍鐵十字勳章 |
哥特哈德·海因里希 Gotthardt Heinrici (12月25日, 1886年 – 12月13日, 1971年) was a Prussian general in the German Army during World War II.
目录 |
[编辑] 與凱特爾衝突
On 28 April, German Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel was riding along the roads north of Berlin when he noticed to his amazement that troops of the 7th Panzer Division and of the 25th Panzergrenadier Division were marching north away from Berlin. These troops were part of General Hasso von Manteuffel's 3rd Panzer Army. The 3rd Panzer Army was one of two armies which made up Heinrici's Army Group Vistula and were supposed to be on their way to Berlin. Instead, they were being moved northward in an attempt to halt the Soviet break-through at Neubrandenburg.[1]
Heinrici had defied the strictest orders of Keitel and his deputy, General Alfred Jodl. Furious, Keitel went in search of Heinrici and found him on a road near Neubrandenburg. Heinrici was close to the front and accompanied by von Manteuffel. Processions of wounded and disarmed soldiers and endless treks of refugees were moving past. [1]. Keitel, his face purple, called Heinrici to account and spoke of insubordination, treason, cowardice, and sabotage. Keitel accused Heinrici of weakness and shouted that if Heinrici had only taken General Lothar Rendulic in Austria as an example and shot a few thousand deserters or strung them up on the nearest tree, his armies would not now be on the retreat.[1]
海因里希的調動集團軍群動作，包括調走許多文職人員，退返西方防線；海因里希想把他部屬數十萬在北方與蘇聯纏鬥幾年大軍退到波羅的海與易北河中間地區。[1] 海因里希待上司威廉·凱特爾大帥冷冷回道：「黨衛軍大帥！若是你想槍決這一大群敗退德軍，不讓他們回國，現在請便吧」!"[1]
凱特爾立刻把海因里希大將摘除司令官職位； then relieved Heinrici of his command. Heinrici's command was offered to von Manteuffel, but von Manteuffel not only declined the promotion, he protested the treatment of Heinrici. Kurt von Tippelskirch was named as Heinrici's interim replacement until原先內定由上將克特·司徒登接任海因里希職位，可是聽說是與蘇聯作戰，還沒赴任克特·司徒登就先被英軍俘虜。
After losing his command, Heinrici retired to Plön, where he surrendered to British forces on 28 May, 1945.
[编辑] 戰後
海因里希被捕後，Heinrici was held at Island Farm where he remained, other than a three-week transfer to a camp in the United States in October 1947, until his eventual release on 19 May, 1948.
歷經戰爭後，海因里希始終反對希特勒毀壞世界的政策，並不可以因為「為阻止敵軍前進」這個理由，就可以為所欲為破壞一切，他曾經拒絕大元帥戈林命令他對「斯摩稜斯克」屠城， and late in the war he supported Minister of Armaments Albert Speer who worked to save Berlin from total destruction.戰後當他短暫地被指控他是柏林守城司令，他對部隊第一道命令竟是「不可破壞柏林」(就幾乎是令軍隊別守柏林)。
After the war, Heinrici's diary entries and letters were collected into a book entitled Morals and behaviour here are like those in the Thirty Years’ War. The First Year of the German-Soviet War as Shown in the Papers of Gnl. Gotthard Heinrici.
[编辑] Ranks held
- Fahnenjunker-Unteroffizier (19 Jul 1905)
- Fähnrich (19 Dec 1905)
- Leutnant (18 Aug 1906)
- Oberleutnant (17 Feb 1914)
- Hauptmann (18 Jun 1915)
- Major (01 Feb 1926)
- Oberstleutnant (01 Aug 1930)
- Oberst (01 Mar 1933)
- Generalmajor (01 Jan 1936)
- Generalleutnant (01 Mar 1938)
- General der Infanterie (01 Jun 1940)
- Generaloberst (30 Jan 1943)
[编辑] Decorations
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross: 18 September 1941, General der Infanterie, Commanding General of XXXXIII Army Corps on the Eastern Front.
- Oakleaves (No. 333): 24 November 1943, Generaloberst, Commander-in-Chief of the 4th Army on the Eastern Front.
- Swords (No. 136): 3 March 1945, Generaloberst, Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Panzer Army on the Eastern Front.
- Prussian Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Knight's Cross with Swords: 9 August 1918.
- Prussian Iron Cross 1st Class (1914): 24 July 1915.
- Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class (1914): 27 September 1914.
- 1939 Bar to the Prussian Iron Cross 1st Class (1914): 16 May 1940.
- 1939 Bar to the Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class (1914): 13 May 1940.
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Carl Eduard War Cross
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Duke Carl Eduard Medal, 2nd Class with Swords and Date
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: House Order of Vigilance or the White Falcon, Knight 2nd Class with Swords
- Sxon Duchies: Ducal Saxe-Ernestine House Order, Knight 2nd Class with Swords
- Reuß: Princely Reuß Honor Cross, 3rd Class with Swords
- Schwarzburg: Princely Schwarzburg Honor Cross, 3rd Class with Swords
- Hamburg: Hanseatic Cross
- Cross of Honor for Combatants 1914-1918
- Armed Forces Long Service Award, 1st Class (25-year Service Cross)
- Armed Forces Long Service Award, 3rd Class (12-year Service Medal)
- Austria: Military Merit Cross, 3rd Class with War Decoration
- Medal for the Winter Campaign in Russia 1941/1942
[编辑] See also
- Battle of France - 1940
- Operation Barbarossa - 1941
- Battle for Berlin - 1945
- Hans Krebs, Chief of Staff
- Helmuth Weidling, Commander of the Berlin Defense Area
- Felix Steiner, Commander of the Eleventh SS Panzer Army
- Theodor Busse, Commander of the German 9th Army
[编辑] 注釋
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945. Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas, 2000. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
| 軍事指揮官 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 前任： General of Mountain Troops Ludwig Kübler |
Commander of 4. Armee 20 January, 1942 - 6 June, 1942 |
繼任： 大將 Hans von Salmuth |
| 前任： 大將 Hans von Salmuth |
第4軍團 司令 15 July, 1942 - June, 1943 |
繼任： 大將 Hans von Salmuth |
| 前任： 大將 Hans von Salmuth |
第4裝甲軍團 7月31日, 1943年 - 6月4日, 1944年 |
繼任： 上將 Kurt von Tippelskirch |
| 前任： 大將 Erhard Raus |
第1軍團 司令 8月15日, 1944年 - 3月19日, 1945年 |
繼任： 大將 瓦爾騰奈寧 |
| 前任： 黨衛軍大元帥 希姆萊 |
維斯杜拉河集團軍群 司令 3月20日, 1945年-4月28日, 1945年 |
繼任： 上將General der Infanterie Kurt von Tippelskirch |
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