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卡拜 - Wikipedia

卡拜

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化学中,卡拜(Carbyne),是拥有三个自由电子的电中性单价活性中间体HC及其衍生物如EtO2C-C的统称[1]。卡拜可通过很多方法获得。

目录

[编辑] 气相

气相中,卡拜以短寿命的活性中间体出现。例如,CHFBr2气相光解时,光谱证实了 CF(fluoromethylidyne)的存在。[2]

[编辑] 有机金属化学

卡拜可以与金属离子结合形成金属卡拜化合物[3] [4]例如[WBr(CO)2(2,2'-bipy)C-Ar]和[WBr(CO)2(PPh3)2C-NR2]。

这类化合物的一种合成方法是让[W(CO)6]与二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)反应产生[(iPr2N)(OLi)C=W(CO)5],然后再让其与草酰溴或Br2-PPh3三苯基膦反应。

另一种合成方法是用路易斯酸处理甲氧基金属卡宾化合物[5]

[编辑] 碳的同素异形体

卡拜也可以指聚乙炔(LAC),碳的一种同素异形体[6]。它具有-(C\equivC)n-这样的结构[7],每个碳都是sp杂化,碳碳单键三键交替。这种类型卡拜的杨氏模量是已知天然最硬材料——金刚石的40倍,因此将是很好的纳米材料[8]

[编辑] 参考资料

  1. ^ [Eng.]Definition of Carbyne - Chemistry Dictionary[1]
  2. ^ Chemistry of carbynes: reaction of CF, CCl, and CBr with alkenes B. P. Ruzsicska, A. Jodhan, H. K. J. Choi, O. P. Strausz, T. N. Bell; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1983; 105(8); 2489-2490.
  3. ^ http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/EuroH-2000/furno.pdf
  4. ^ Details of their reactivity and that of the related carbenes is shown at http://www.thieme-chemistry.com/thieme-chemistry/sos/info/include/pdf/sc02.pdf
  5. ^ http://pubs.rsc.org/ej/CC/2000/b002228o.pdf
  6. ^ Dangerously Seeking Linear Carbon, Ray H. Baughman, Science 19 May 2006: Vol. 312. no. 5776, pp. 1009 - 1110.
  7. ^ Carbyne and Carbynoid Structures Series: Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Low-Dimensional Structures, Vol. 21 Heimann, R.B.; Evsyukov, S.E.; Kavan, L. (Eds.) 1999, 452 p., Hardcover ISBN 0-7923-5323-4
  8. ^ Harder than Diamond: Determining the Cross-Sectional Area and Young's Modulus of Molecular Rods, Lior Itzhaki et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 7432-7435.
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