伯罗奔尼撒战争史

维基百科，自由的百科全书

《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》记述古希腊斯巴达领导的伯罗奔尼撒同盟与雅典领导的提洛同盟间的伯罗奔尼撒战争。作者为曾在战争中服役的雅典将军修昔底德。该书被广泛认为是一部经典作品和最早的学者式历史作品。该书由后来的编辑者分为八卷。

[编辑] 历史方法

[编辑] 编年

[编辑] 演讲

[编辑] 中性的观点

[编辑] 宗教的角色

[编辑] 资料来源

《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》在引述来源方面的名声很坏。修昔底德从不给出其消息来源，给出同一事件其它版本的记述的时候也寥寥可数。这一点同希罗多德显著不同。希罗多德频繁提到他讲述情节的其它多个版本以便读者可以自行判断各版本的真实性。与此相反，修昔底德努力给别人其叙述无懈可击和无可辩驳的印象。

[编辑] 影响

此書把當時希臘哲學家那種追求真理的精神和邏輯方法應用到歷史研究中，為後世的歷史編纂學樹立了典範。

[编辑] 引用方法

[编辑] 作品大纲

Book 1
- The state of Greece from the earliest times to the commencement of the Peloponnesian War
- Causes of the war (433-432 BCE)
  - The Affair of Epidamnus
  - The Affair of Potidaea
- Congress of the Peloponnesian League at Lacedaemon
- From the end of the Persian War to the beginning of the Peloponnesian War
  - The progress from supremacy to empire
- Second congress at Lacedaemon
- Preparations for war and diplomatic skirmishes
- Cylon
- Pausanias
- Themistocles
Book 2 (431-428 BCE)
- First invasion of Attica
- Pericles' Funeral Oration
- The plague of Athens
- Position and policy of Pericles
- Fall of Potidaea
- Investment of Plataea
- Naval victories of Phormio
- Thracian campaign in Macedonia under Sitalces
Book 3 (428-425 BCE)
- Revolt of Mytilene
- Trial and execution of the Plataeans
- Revolution at Corcyra
- Campaigns of Demosthenes in western Greece
- Ruin of Ambracia
Book 4 (425-423 BCE)
- Occupation of Pylos
- Surrender of the Spartan army in Sphacteria
- End of Corcyraean revolution
- Peace of Gela
- Capture of Nisaea
- Invasion of Boeotia
- Fall of Amphipolis
- Successes of Brasidas
Book 5 (422-415 BCE)
- Death of Cleon and Brasidas
- Peace of Nicias
- Feeling against Sparta in the Peloponnese
- League of the Mantineans, Eleans, Argives, and Athenians
- Battle of Mantinea and breaking up of the League
- The Melian Dialogue
- Fate of Melos
Book 6 (415-414 BCE)
- The Sicilian Expedition
- Affair of the Hermae
- Departure of the expedition to Sicily
- Parties at Syracuse
- Story of Harmodius and Aristogiton
- Disgrace of Alcibiades
- Inaction of the Athenian army
- Alcibiades at Sparta
- Investment of Syracuse
Book 7 (414-413 BCE)
- Arrival of Gylippus at Syracuse
- Fortification of Decelea
- Successes of the Syracusans
- Arrival of Demosthenes
- Defeat of the Athenians at Epipolae
- Folly and obstinacy of Nicias
- Battles in the Great Harbour
- Retreat and annihilation of the Athenian army
Book 8 (413-411 BCE)
- Revolt of Ionia
- Intervention of Persia
- The war in Ionia
- Intrigues of Alcibiades
- Withdrawal of the Persian subsidies
- Oligarchical Coup d'Etat at Athens
- Patriotism of the Athenian army at Samos
- Recall of Alcibiades to Samos
- Revolt of Euboea and downfall of the Council of the Four Hundred
- Battle of Cynossema

[编辑] 译本

分类: 史书 | 古希腊

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