伊甸園計劃

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The Eden Project

Inside the tropical Biome

伊甸園計劃是一個位于英國康沃爾郡的世界環保景點。她是一個非牟利機構，教導新的想法。

伊甸園計劃是建在一個舊的The project is located in a reclaimed china clay pit, located 1.25英哩（2 公里） from the town of St Blazey and 3英哩（5 公里） from the larger town of St Austell.^[1]

計劃里有好多個溫室，里面有很多種從世界各地的植物。溫室是由多個六角和五角，硬和透明的膠。一個為熱帶，一個為溫帶。

計劃其法人為 Tim Smit 設計師 Nicholas Grimshaw and 工程公司 Anthony Hunt and Associates , 工程管理 Davis Langdon , Sir Robert McAlpine and Alfred McAlpine^[2] undertaking the construction and MERO to design and build the biomes. 伊甸園計劃建筑時間為兩年半，二零零一年三月十七號開模。

伊甸園計劃的概念是如果人可以共同工作，可以到達更好的未來。

[编辑] Site

[编辑] 設計

The project is constructed in a disused china clay pit. Once into the attraction, there is a meandering path with views of the two biomes, planted landscapes, including vegetable gardens, and sculptures that include a giant bee and towering robot called RSA WEEE Man created from old electrical appliances.

[编辑] 溫室

Panoramic view of the geodesic biome domes at the Eden Project

The hexangle structure looking from the inside

At the bottom of the pit are two covered biomes:

The Humid Tropics Biome, which is the largest greenhouse in the world, covers 1.559公頃（3.9 英畝） and measures 180英呎（55 公尺） high, 328英呎（100 公尺） wide and 656英呎（200 公尺） long. It is used for tropical plants, such as fruiting banana trees, coffee, rubber and giant bamboo, and is kept at a tropical temperature.
The Warm Temperate Biome covers 0.654公頃（1.6 英畝） and measures 115英呎（35 公尺） high, 213英呎（65 公尺） wide and 443英呎（135 公尺） long. It houses familiar warm temperate and arid plants such as olives and grape vines and various pieces of sculpture. The Outdoor Biome represents the temperate regions of the world with plants such as tea, lavender, hops and hemp.

The biomes are constructed from a tubular steel space-frame (hex-tri-hex) with mostly hexagonal external cladding panels made from the thermoplastic ETFE. At the outset, glass was proscribed due to its weight and potential dangers. The cladding panels themselves are created from several layers of thin UV-transparent ETFE film, which are sealed around their perimeter and inflated to create a large cushion. The resulting cushion acts like a thermal blanket to the structure. The ETFE material is resistant to most stains, which simply wash off in the rain. If required, cleaning can be performed by abseilers. Although the ETFE is susceptible to punctures, these can be easily fixed with ETFE tape. The structure is completely self-supporting, with no internal supports, and takes the form of a geodesic structure. The panels vary in size up to 9米（29.5 英尺） across, with the largest at the top of the structure.

The ETFE technology was supplied and installed by Vector Foiltec who are also responsible for ongoing maintenance of the cladding. The steel spaceframe and cladding package (with Vector Foiltec as ETFE subcontractor) was designed, supplied and installed by MERO (UK) PLC, who also jointly developed the overall scheme geometry with the architect, Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners.

The computer controlled environmental control system that regulates the heat and humidity within each biome is designed and installed by HortiMaX Ltd. who are also responsible for ongoing maintenance of the environmental control and monitoring systems.

The entire build project was managed by McAlpine Joint Venture.

[编辑] The Core （核心）

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The Core

The Core is the latest addition to the site and opened in September 2005. It provides the Eden Project with an education facility, incorporating classrooms and exhibition spaces designed to help communicate Eden's central message about the relationship between people and plants. Accordingly the building has taken its inspiration from plants, most noticeably in the form of the soaring timber roof, which gives the building its distinctive shape.

Grimshaw developed the geometry of the copper-clad roof in collaboration with a sculptor, Peter Randall-Page, and Mike Purvis of structural engineers SKM Anthony Hunts. It is derived from phyllotaxis, which is the mathematical basis for nearly all plant growth; the "opposing spirals" found in many plants such as the seeds in a sunflower's head, pine cones and pineapples. The copper was obtained from traceable sources, and the Eden Project is working with Rio Tinto to explore the possibility of encouraging further traceable supply routes for metals, which would enable users to avoid metals mined unethically. The services and acoustic design was carried out by Buro Happold.

[编辑] 對環境的影響

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Inside the tropical Biome

The domes provide diverse growing conditions with many plants on display.

The Eden Project includes environmental education focusing on the interdependence of plants and people; plants are labelled with their medicinal uses. The massive amounts of water required to create the humid conditions of the Tropical Biome, as well as to serve the toilet facilities, are all sanitized rain water that would otherwise collect at the bottom of the quarry. In fact the only mains water used is for hand washing and for cooking. The complex also uses Green Tariff Electricity — the energy comes from one of the many wind turbines in Cornwall, which were amongst the first in Europe. Somewhat controversially one of the companies the Eden Project currently has a partnership with the British mining company Rio Tinto Group. Rio Tinto is set to commence mining in Madagascar for titanium dioxide. This will involve the removal of a large section of coastal forest, with the possibility of extensive damage to the unique biodiversity of the Madagascan flora and fauna.^[3]

[编辑] 歷史

Driftwood sculpture of a horse, from the main entrance

The first part of the Eden Project, the visitor centre, was opened to the public in May 2000, however the full site was opened on 17 March 2001.

The Eden Project hosted the "Africa Calling" concert of the Live 8 concert series on 2 July 2005. It was also used as a filming location for the 2002 James Bond film, Die Another Day. It also provided some plants for the British Museum's Africa garden.

In 2005 the Eden Project launched "A Time Of Gifts" for during the winter months, November to February. This features an ice rink covering the lake, with a small café/bar attached, as well as a Christmas market. Adding to atmosphere Cornish choirs regularly perform in the biomes.

In 2006 and 2007, the Eden Project hosted a series of musical performances, called the 'Eden Sessions'. Artists have included Amy Winehouse, James Morrison, Muse, Lily Allen, Snow Patrol and The Magic Numbers.

On December 6 2007 the Eden project invited people all over Cornwall to attempt to break the world record for the biggest ever pub quiz as part of its campaign to bring £50 million of lottery funds to Cornwall.^[4]

The Eden Project was also featured in the TV show Cybernet in 2002.

In 2008, the Eden Project will hold a number of Eden Sessions concerts. This year's headliners for the summer gigs are: The Verve, Kaiser Chiefs and KT Tunstall. Eden will be holding its first comedy Session in 2008, with Bill Bailey taking to the stage.^[5]

[编辑] 對伊甸園計劃的批評

In 2007 there was some criticism of the Eden Project in the Cornish pressTemplate:Who expressing concerns over the amount of funding the project received, £130m from various publicly funded sources,^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] saying the project should be more self supporting. Also the Eden's carbon footprint has been criticisedTemplate:Who for drawing over one million fossil-fuelled visitors a year to Cornwall mostly by car or plane and for staging rock concerts resulting in gridlock in the St Austell area. Concern has been expressed in local papers that the project has been orchestrated by a clique within the London establishment to secure funds for their project.^[10] In December 2007 the Eden Project failed in its bid for £50m of funding following the Big Lottery Fund popular vote,^[11] when it received just 12.07% of the votes, the lowest for the four projects being considered.^[12]

[编辑] 書本和雜志

A woman, shaped from the soil

Richard Mabey: Fencing Paradise: Exploring the Gardens of Eden London 2005: Eden Project. ISBN 1-903919-31-2
Hugh Pearman, Andrew Whalley: The Architecture of Eden. With a foreword by Sir Nicholas Grimshaw. London 2003: Eden Project Books. ISBN 1-903919-15-0
Tim Smit: Eden. London 2001: Bantam Press.
Eden Team (Ed.): Eden Project: The Guide 2005/6. St Austell 2005: Eden Books.
Paul Spooner: The Revenge of the Green Planet: The Eden Project Book of Amazing Facts About Plants. St Austell 2003: Eden Books.
Philip McMillan Browse, Louise Frost, Alistair Griffiths: Plants of Eden (Eden Project). London 2001: Alison Hodge.

[编辑] 傳媒報道

Robin Kewell (Ed.): Eden. The inside story. St Austell n.d.: The Eden Project. (DVD)
Alan Titchmarsh: The Eden Project. w/o location 2006. (DVD) ASIN B000E1P2WQ