Surveying
From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change
Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the position[1] of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually, but not exclusively, associated with positions on the surface of the Earth, and are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership or governmental purposes. In order to reach their objective, surveyors use elements of geometry, engineering, trigonometry, mathematics, physics, and law.
Surveying has been an essential element in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history (ca. 5000 years ago) and it is a requirement in the planning and execution of nearly every form of construction. Its most familiar modern uses are in the fields of transport, building and construction, communications, mapping, and the definition of legal boundaries for land ownership.
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[change] Origins
Surveying techniques have existed throughout much of recorded history. In ancient Egypt, when the Nile River overflowed its banks and washed out farm boundaries, boundaries were re-established through the application of simple geometry. The nearly perfect squareness and north-south orientation of the Great Pyramid of Giza, built c. 2700 BC, affirm the Egyptians' command of surveying.
[change] See also
[change] Famous surveyors
- Captain James Cook (navigator)
- Walt Disney (subdivision maps)
- Carl Friedrich Gauss
- Thomas Jefferson
- Abraham Lincoln
- George Washington
[change] Notes
- ↑ terrestrial or three-dimensional space
[change] Other websites
- Publications
- Organizations
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- The Irish Institution of Surveyors
- American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
- Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors
- National Geodetic Survey
- National Society of Professional Surveyors
- National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
- UK Ordnance Survey
- www.resurvey.org
- U.S. Geological Survey
- International Federation of Surveyors
- The Institution of Surveyors, Australia
- The Institution of Surveyors, NSW, Australia
- Spatial Sciences Institute (Australia)
- Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (UK & GB)
- The Survey Association (UK)
- Alberta Land Surveyors Association for a Canadian perspective
- 3H — a resource site for 3D survey in maritime archaeology
- Independent Building Surveyors
- National Cartographic Center of Iran (NCC) Tehran,
FRANCE
India
Iran
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- National Cartographic Center of Iran (NCC) Tehran, Iran
New Zealand
Poland
- Careers in Surveying
- Software
- Articles
- Old versus new — how a new surveying technology can create instant CAD models — A web article
- As-builts – Problems & Proposed Solutions — Discussion on Building Surveys within Construction industry by Stephen R. Pettee, CCM
- Degree of Curvature [1]
[change] Educational Institutions
- Departement des sciences géomatiques, Universite Laval, Qc, CA
- Centre of Geographic Sciences, Nova Scotia Canada Formerly the Nova Scotia Land Survey Institute and College of Geographic Sciences
- Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Faculty, University of New Brunswick Fredericton, New Brunswick Canada
- Department of Geomatic Engineering, University College London
- Department of Geomatic Engineering, University of Technology Malaysia
- Ecole Nationale des Sciences Geographiques, FR
- Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Geographic Information Science Conrad Blucher Institute for Surveying and Science
- Dublin Institute of Technology Geomatics Division
- California State University Fresno Geomatics Engineering college
- University of Alaska Anchorage, School of Engineering, Department of Geomatics
- University of Otago, New Zealand - School of Surveying
- University of KwaZulu Natal Programme of Land Surveying
- Faculty of Geoinformatics, The University of West Hungary Székesfehérvár, Hungary
- Department of Geodesy, The Gdansk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology
- Himalayan College of Geomatic Engineering and Land Resources Management, Purbanchal University, Nepal
- Oregon Institute of Technology, Department of Geomatics, Klamath Falls, Oregon USA
[change] References
- Keay J (2000), The Great Arc: the dramatic tale of how India was mapped and Everest was named, Harper Collins, 182pp, ISBN 0-00-653123-7.
- Pugh J C (1975), Surveying for Field Scientists, Methuen, 230pp, ISBN 0-416-07530-4