List of elements by symbol
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This is a list of elements by symbol.
| Chemical symbol | Name | Origin of symbol | No. | Atomic mass | Density at 20°C | Melting point °C | Boiling point °C | Year of discovery | Discoverer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ac | Actinium | 89 | 227,0278 g/mol | 10,07 g/cm3 | 1047 °C | 3197 °C | 1899 | Debierne | |
| Ag | Silver | Latin Argentum | 47 | 107,8682 g/mol | 10,49 g/cm3 | 961,9 °C | 2212 °C | prehistoric | unknown |
| Al | Aluminium | 13 | 26,981539 g/mol | 2,70 g/cm3 | 660,5 °C | 2467 °C | 1825 | Oersted | |
| Am | Americium | 95 | 243,0614 g/mol | 13,67 g/cm3 | 994 °C | 2607 °C | 1944 | Seaborg | |
| Ar | Argon | 18 | 39,948 g/mol | 1,66 g/l | -189,4 °C | -185,9 °C | 1894 | Ramsay and Rayleigh | |
| As | Arsenic | 33 | 74,92159 g/mol | 5,72 g/cm3 | 613 °C | 613 (Subl.) °C | ca. 1250 | Albertus Magnus | |
| At | Astatine | 85 | 209,9871 g/mol | 302 °C | 337 °C | 1940 | Corson and MacKenzie | ||
| Au | Gold | Latin Aurum | 79 | 196,96654 g/mol | 19,32 g/cm3 | 1064,4 °C | 2940 °C | prehistoric | unknown |
| B | Boron | 5 | 10,811 g/mol | 2,46 g/cm3 | 2300 °C | 2550 °C | 1808 | Davy and Gay-Lussac | |
| Ba | Barium | 56 | 137,327 g/mol | 3,65 g/cm3 | 725 °C | 1640 °C | 1808 | Davy | |
| Be | Beryllium | 4 | 9,012182 g/mol | 1,85 g/cm3 | 1278 °C | 2970 °C | 1797 | Vauquelin | |
| Bh | Bohrium | 107 | 262,1229 g/mol | 1976 | Oganessian | ||||
| Bi | Bismuth | 83 | 208,98037 g/mol | 9,80 g/cm3 | 271,4 °C | 1560 °C | 1540 | Agricola | |
| Bk | Berkelium | 97 | 247,0703 g/mol | 13,25 g/cm3 | 986 °C | 1949 | Seaborg | ||
| Br | Brom | 35 | 79,904 g/mol | 3,14 g/cm3 | -7,3 °C | 58,8 °C | 1826 | Balard | |
| C | Carbon | 6 | 12,011 g/mol | 3,51 g/cm3 | 3550 °C | 4827 °C | prehistoric | unknown | |
| Ca | Calcium | 20 | 40,078 g/mol | 1,54 g/cm3 | 839 °C | 1487 °C | 1808 | Davy | |
| Cd | Cadmium | 48 | 112,411 g/mol | 8,64 g/cm3 | 321 °C | 765 °C | 1817 | Stromeyer and Hermann | |
| Ce | Cerium | 58 | 140,115 g/mol | 6,77 g/cm3 | 798 °C | 3257 °C | 1803 | von Hisinger and Berzelius | |
| Cf | Californium | 98 | 251,0796 g/mol | 15,1 g/cm3 | 900 °C | 1950 | Seaborg | ||
| Cl | Chlorine | 17 | 35,4527 g/mol | 2,95 g/l | -34,6 °C | -101 °C | 1774 | Scheele | |
| Cm | Curium | 96 | 247,0703 g/mol | 13,51 g/cm3 | 1340 °C | 1944 | Seaborg | ||
| Co | Cobalt | 27 | 58,9332 g/mol | 8,89 g/cm3 | 1495 °C | 2870 °C | 1735 | Brandt | |
| Cr | Chromium | 24 | 51,9961 g/mol | 7,14 g/cm3 | 1857 °C | 2482 °C | 1797 | Vauquelin | |
| Cs | Caesium | 55 | 132,90543 g/mol | 1,90 g/cm3 | 28,4 °C | 690 °C | 1860 | Kirchhoff and Bunsen | |
| Cu | Copper | Latin Cuprum | 29 | 63,546 g/mol | 8,92 g/cm3 | 1083,5 °C | 2595 °C | prehistoric | unknown |
| Db | Dubnium | 105 | 262,1138 g/mol | 1967/70 | Flerow oder Ghiorso | ||||
| Ds | Darmstadtium | 110 | 269 g/mol | 1994 | Society for Heavy Ion Research | ||||
| Dy | Dysprosium | 66 | 162,5 g/mol | 8,56 g/cm3 | 1409 °C | 2335 °C | 1886 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran | |
| Er | Erbium | 68 | 167,26 g/mol | 9,05 g/cm3 | 1522 °C | 2510 °C | 1842 | Mosander | |
| Es | Einsteinium | 99 | 252,0829 g/mol | 860 °C | 1952 | Seaborg | |||
| Eu | Europium | 63 | 151,965 g/mol | 5,25 g/cm3 | 822 °C | 1597 °C | 1901 | Demaçay | |
| F | Fluorine | 9 | 18,9984032 g/mol | 1,58 g/l | -219,6 °C | -188,1 °C | 1886 | Moissan | |
| Fe | Iron | Latin Ferrum | 26 | 55,847 g/mol | 7,87 g/cm3 | 1535 °C | 2750 °C | prehistoric | unknown |
| Fm | Fermium | 100 | 257,0951 g/mol | 1952 | Seaborg | ||||
| Fr | Francium | 87 | 223,0197 g/mol | 27 °C | 677 °C | 1939 | Perey | ||
| Ga | Gallium | 31 | 69,723 g/mol | 5,91 g/cm3 | 29,8 °C | 2403 °C | 1875 | Lecoq de Boiskaudran | |
| Gd | Gadolinium | 64 | 157,25 g/mol | 7,89 g/cm3 | 1311 °C | 3233 °C | 1880 | de Marignac | |
| Ge | Germanium | 32 | 72,61 g/mol | 5,32 g/cm3 | 937,4 °C | 2830 °C | 1886 | Winkler | |
| H | Hydrogen | 1 | 1,00794 g/mol | 0,084 g/l | -259,1 °C | -252,9 °C | 1766 | Cavendish | |
| He | Helium | 2 | 4,002602 g/mol | 0,17 g/l | -272,2 °C | -268,9 °C | 1895 | Ramsay and Cleve | |
| Hf | Hafnium | 72 | 178,49 g/mol | 13,31 g/cm3 | 2150 °C | 5400 °C | 1923 | Coster and vón Hevesy | |
| Hg | Mercury | Latin Hydragyrum - quicksilver | 80 | 200,59 g/mol | 13,55 g/cm3 | -38,9 °C | 356,6 °C | prehistoric | unknown |
| Ho | Holmium | 67 | 164,93032 g/mol | 8,78 g/cm3 | 1470 °C | 2720 °C | 1878 | Soret | |
| Hs | Hassium | 108 | 265 g/mol | 1984 | Society for Heavy Ion Research | ||||
| I | Iodine | 53 | 126,90447 g/mol | 4,94 g/cm3 | 113,5 °C | 184,4 °C | 1811 | Courtois | |
| In | Indium | 49 | 114,82 g/mol | 7,31 g/cm3 | 156,2 °C | 2080 °C | 1863 | Reich and Richter | |
| Ir | Iridium | 77 | 192,22 g/mol | 22,65 g/cm3 | 2410 °C | 4130 °C | 1803 | Tenant and andere | |
| K | Potassium | German Kalium | 19 | 39,0983 g/mol | 0,86 g/cm3 | 63,7 °C | 774 °C | 1807 | Davy |
| Kr | Krypton | 36 | 83,8 g/mol | 3,48 g/l | -156,6 °C | -152,3 °C | 1898 | Ramsay and Travers | |
| La | Lanthanum | 57 | 138,9055 g/mol | 6,16 g/cm3 | 920 °C | 3454 °C | 1839 | Mosander | |
| Li | Lithium | 3 | 6,941 g/mol | 0,53 g/cm3 | 180,5 °C | 1317 °C | 1817 | Arfvedson | |
| Lr | Lawrencium | 103 | 260,1053 g/mol | 1961 | Ghiorso | ||||
| Lu | Lutetium | 71 | 174,967 g/mol | 9,84 g/cm3 | 1656 °C | 3315 °C | 1907 | Urbain | |
| Md | Mendelevium | 101 | 258,0986 g/mol | 1955 | Seaborg | ||||
| Mg | Magnesium | 12 | 24,305 g/mol | 1,74 g/cm3 | 648,8 °C | 1107 °C | 1755 | Black | |
| Mn | Manganese | 25 | 54,93805 g/mol | 7,44 g/cm3 | 1244 °C | 2097 °C | 1774 | Gahn | |
| Mo | Molybdenum | 42 | 95,94 g/mol | 10,28 g/cm3 | 2617 °C | 5560 °C | 1778 | Scheele | |
| Mt | Meitnerium | 109 | 266 g/mol | 1982 | Society for Heavy Ion Research | ||||
| N | Nitrogen | 7 | 14,00674 g/mol | 1,17 g/l | -209,9 °C | -195,8 °C | 1772 | Rutherford | |
| Na | Sodium | Latin Natrium | 11 | 22,989768 g/mol | 0,97 g/cm3 | 97,8 °C | 892 °C | 1807 | Davy |
| Nb | Niobium | 41 | 92,90638 g/mol | 8,58 g/cm3 | 2468 °C | 4927 °C | 1801 | Hatchet | |
| Nd | Neodymium | 60 | 144,24 g/mol | 7,00 g/cm3 | 1010 °C | 3127 °C | 1895 | von Welsbach | |
| Ne | Neon | 10 | 20,1797 g/mol | 0,84 g/l | -248,7 °C | -246,1 °C | 1898 | Ramsay and Travers | |
| Ni | Nickel | 28 | 58,69 g/mol | 8,91 g/cm3 | 1453 °C | 2732 °C | 1751 | Cronstedt | |
| No | Nobelium | 102 | 259,1009 g/mol | 1958 | Seaborg | ||||
| Np | Neptunium | 93 | 237,0482 g/mol | 20,48 g/cm3 | 640 °C | 3902 °C | 1940 | McMillan and Abelson | |
| O | Oxygen | 8 | 15,9994 g/mol | 1,33 g/l | -218,4 °C | -182,9 °C | 1774 | Priestley and Scheele | |
| Os | Osmium | 76 | 190,2 g/mol | 22,61 g/cm3 | 3045 °C | 5027 °C | 1803 | Tenant | |
| P | Phosphorus | 15 | 30,973762 g/mol | 1,82 g/cm3 | 44 (P4) °C | 280 (P4) °C | 1669 | Brandt | |
| Pa | Protactinium | 91 | 231,0359 g/mol | 15,37 g/cm3 | 1554 °C | 4030 °C | 1917 | Soddy, Cranston and Hahn | |
| Pb | Lead | Latin Plumbum | 82 | 207,2 g/mol | 11,34 g/cm3 | 327,5 °C | 1740 °C | prehistoric | unknown |
| Pd | Palladium | 46 | 106,42 g/mol | 12,02 g/cm3 | 1552 °C | 3140 °C | 1803 | Wollaston | |
| Pm | Promethium | 61 | 146,9151 g/mol | 7,22 g/cm3 | 1080 °C | 2730 °C | 1945 | Marinsky and Glendenin | |
| Po | Polonium | 84 | 208,9824 g/mol | 9,20 g/cm3 | 254 °C | 962 °C | 1898 | Marie and Pierre Curie | |
| Pr | Praseodymium | 59 | 140,90765 g/mol | 6,48 g/cm3 | 931 °C | 3212 °C | 1895 | von Welsbach | |
| Pt | Platinum | 78 | 195,08 g/mol | 21,45 g/cm3 | 1772 °C | 3827 °C | 1557 | Scaliger | |
| Pu | Plutonium | 94 | 244,0642 g/mol | 19,74 g/cm3 | 641 °C | 3327 °C | 1940 | Seaborg | |
| Ra | Radium | 88 | 226,0254 g/mol | 5,50 g/cm3 | 700 °C | 1140 °C | 1898 | Marie and Pierre Curie | |
| Rb | Rubidium | 37 | 85,4678 g/mol | 1,53 g/cm3 | 39 °C | 688 °C | 1861 | Bunsen and Kirchhoff | |
| Re | Rhenium | 75 | 186,207 g/mol | 21,03 g/cm3 | 3180 °C | 5627 °C | 1925 | Noddack, Tacke and Berg | |
| Rf | Rutherfordium | 104 | 261,1087 g/mol | 1964/69 | Flerow oder Ghiorso | ||||
| Rg | Roentgenium | 111 | 272 g/mol | 1994 | Society for Heavy Ion Research | ||||
| Rh | Rhodium | 45 | 102,9055 g/mol | 12,41 g/cm3 | 1966 °C | 3727 °C | 1803 | Wollaston | |
| Rn | Radon | 86 | 222,0176 g/mol | 9,23 g/l | -71 °C | -61,8 °C | 1900 | Dorn | |
| Ru | Ruthenium | 44 | 101,07 g/mol | 12,45 g/cm3 | 2310 °C | 3900 °C | 1844 | Claus | |
| S | Sulphur | 16 | 32,066 g/mol | 2,06 g/cm3 | 113 °C | 444,7 °C | prehistoric | unknown | |
| Sb | Antimony | Latin Stibium | 51 | 121,75 g/mol | 6,69 g/cm3 | 630,7 °C | 1750 °C | prehistoric | unknown |
| Sc | Scandium | 21 | 44,95591 g/mol | 2,99 g/cm3 | 1539 °C | 2832 °C | 1879 | Nilson | |
| Se | Selenium | 34 | 78,96 g/mol | 4,82 g/cm3 | 217 °C | 685 °C | 1817 | Berzelius | |
| Sg | Seaborgium | 106 | 263,1182 g/mol | 1974 | Oganessian | ||||
| Si | Silicon | 14 | 28,0855 g/mol | 2,33 g/cm3 | 1410 °C | 2355 °C | 1824 | Berzelius | |
| Sm | Samarium | 62 | 150,36 g/mol | 7,54 g/cm3 | 1072 °C | 1778 °C | 1879 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran | |
| Sn | Tin | Latin Stannum | 50 | 118,71 g/mol | 7,29 g/cm3 | 232 °C | 2270 °C | prehistoric | unknown |
| Sr | Strontium | 38 | 87,62 g/mol | 2,63 g/cm3 | 769 °C | 1384 °C | 1790 | Crawford | |
| Ta | Tantalum | 73 | 180,9479 g/mol | 16,68 g/cm3 | 2996 °C | 5425 °C | 1802 | Ekeberg | |
| Tb | Terbium | 65 | 158,92534 g/mol | 8,25 g/cm3 | 1360 °C | 3041 °C | 1843 | Mosander | |
| Tc | Technetium | 43 | 98,9063 g/mol | 11,49 g/cm3 | 2172 °C | 5030 °C | 1937 | Perrier and Segrè | |
| Te | Tellurium | 52 | 127,6 g/mol | 6,25 g/cm3 | 449,6 °C | 990 °C | 1782 | von Reichenstein | |
| Th | Thorium | 90 | 232,0381 g/mol | 11,72 g/cm3 | 1750 °C | 4787 °C | 1829 | Berzelius | |
| Ti | Titanium | 22 | 47,88 g/mol | 4,51 g/cm3 | 1660 °C | 3260 °C | 1791 | Gregor and Klaproth | |
| Tl | Thallium | 81 | 204,3833 g/mol | 11,85 g/cm3 | 303,6 °C | 1457 °C | 1861 | Crookes | |
| Tm | Thulium | 69 | 168,93421 g/mol | 9,32 g/cm3 | 1545 °C | 1727 °C | 1879 | Cleve | |
| U | Uranium | 92 | 238,0289 g/mol | 18,97 g/cm3 | 1132,4 °C | 3818 °C | 1789 | Klaproth | |
| Uub | Ununbium | 112 | 277 g/mol | 1996 | Society for Heavy Ion Research | ||||
| Uuh | Ununhexium | 116 | |||||||
| Uuo | Ununoctium | 118 | |||||||
| Uup | Ununpentium | 115 | |||||||
| Uug | Ununquadium | 114 | |||||||
| Uus | Ununseptium | 117 | |||||||
| Uut | Ununtrium | 113 | |||||||
| V | Vanadium | 23 | 50,9415 g/mol | 6,09 g/cm3 | 1890 °C | 3380 °C | 1801 | del Rio | |
| W | Tungsten | German Wolfram | 74 | 183,85 g/mol | 19,26 g/cm3 | 3407 °C | 5927 °C | 1783 | Gebrüder de Elhuyar |
| Xe | Xenon | 54 | 131,29 g/mol | 4,49 g/l | -111,9 °C | -107 °C | 1898 | Ramsay and Travers | |
| Y | Yttrium | 39 | 88,90585 g/mol | 4,47 g/cm3 | 1523 °C | 3337 °C | 1794 | Gadolin | |
| Yb | Ytterbium | 70 | 173,04 g/mol | 6,97 g/cm3 | 824 °C | 1193 °C | 1878 | de Marignac | |
| Zn | Zinc | 30 | 65,39 g/mol | 7,14 g/cm3 | 419,6 °C | 907 °C | prehistoric | unknown | |
| Zr | Zirconium | 40 | 91,224 g/mol | 6,51 g/cm3 | 1852 °C | 4377 °C | 1789 | Klaproth |
