दर्मातोलोजी
विकिपिडिया नं
दर्मातोलोजी (युनानी भाषा: δερμα, "छ्यंगु") चिकित्साया छगू ख्यः ख। थ्व ख्यले छ्यंगु व उकियागु अङ्ग (सं, चःति ग्रन्थि आदि ) तेगु सीकेज्या जुइ।
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[सम्पादन] ख्यःया स्कोप
दर्मातोलोजीइ दर्मातोलोजिस्त धागु चिकित्सकतेसं छ्यंगु व उकिया अङ्गया ल्वे, त्युमर आदिया दायाग्नोसिस व चिकित्सा याइ। थ्व ख्यले वासः चिकित्सा व शल्यचिकित्साया विशिष्टिकरण दु। दर्मातोलोजिक शल्यचिकित्सकतेसं छ्यंगुया क्यान्सर शल्य (दसु: मोःया शल्य), लेजर शल्य, फोतोदाइनामिक थेरापी (PDT) व बोतुलिन तक्सिन (बोतक्स) छ्यला याइगु कस्मेतिक पद्धति, सफ्त तिस्यु फिलर, स्केलोथेरापी व लाइपोसक्सन याइ। दर्मातोप्याथोलोजिस्ततेसं तन्तुयागु माइक्रोस्कोपिक हिस्तोलोजिकल अध्ययन याइ। पेदियात्रिक दर्मतोलोजिस्ततेसं मचातेगु दर्मातोलोजिकल ल्वेतेगु दायाग्नोसिस व उपचारय् विशिष्टिकरण याइ। इम्युनोदर्मातोलोजिस्ततेसं इम्युन व्यवस्थाया ल्वे व असामान्य अवस्था (दसु पेम्फिगस थें न्यागु बुल्लस अवस्था आदि)या दायाग्नोसिस व उपचारय् विशिष्टिकरण याइ। थ्व नापं यक्व कन्जेनाइतल सिन्द्रमयात नं थ्व ख्यले लंके ज्यु।
[सम्पादन] उपविशिष्टिकरण
छ्यंगु म्ययागु दक्ले तधंगु अंग ख। नापं थ्व म्हया दक्ले खनिगु अङ्ग ख। अथे जुगुलिं छ्यंगुलि खनिगु लक्षणं छ्यंगुया ल्वे नापं छ्यंगुलि दुने दुगु अङ्गया ल्वेयात क्यनि। अतः, छम्ह दर्मातोलोजिस्तयाके शल्य, रिउम्याटोलोजी, इम्युनोलोजी, स्नायुशास्त्र, इन्फेक्सियस ल्वे व ग्रन्थिशास्त्रया नं ज्ञान दै। थ्व ख्यले आःवया जेनेतिक्सया ज्ञान नं आपालं हे मागु खने दु।
[सम्पादन] भेनेरियोलोजी व फ्लेबोलोजी
भेनेरियोलोजी धागु चिकित्साया सेक्सुवल्ली त्रान्स्मितेद ल्वेया दायाग्नोसिस व उपचारनाप स्वापू दुगु ख्यः ख धाःसा फ्लेबोलोजी धागु सतही भेनया ल्वेया दायाग्नोसिस व उपचारया सीकेज्या ख्यः ख। थ्व निगु ख्यः दर्मातोलोजीया विशिष्टिकरण ख।
[सम्पादन] कस्मेतिक दर्मातोलोजी
कस्मेतिक दर्मातोलोजी थ्व् ख्यःया छगू विशिष्टिकरण ख। थ्व ख्यःले दर्मातोलोजिस्ततेसं थी थी कथंया इनोभेसनयागु खने दु। १९००या इले दर्मातोलोजिस्ततेसं दर्माब्रेसन याना स्यःकैया दाग लंकिगु व दा माइक्रोत्रान्सफर याना क्युतेनियस दिफेक्तेयात ल्हाइगु ज्या यागु खने दु। आयागु इले वया दर्मातोलोजिस्ततेसं लेजरया सुरक्षित व प्रभावकारी छ्यला, न्हुगु दर्मल फिलिङ्ग एजेन्त (कोलाजेन व हायालुरोनिक अम्ल), बोतुलिनम तक्सिन ("बोतक्स"), नन-एब्रेतिभ लेजर रिजुभिनेसन पद्धति, इन्तेन्स पल्स्द लाइत सिस्तम, फोतोदाइनामिक थेरापी, व केमिकल पील आदिइ न्हुगु अन्वेषण यानाच्वंगु दु।
[सम्पादन] दर्मातोलोजिक शल्य
दर्मातोलोजिक शल्य वा दर्मातोशल्य सकल दर्मातोलोजिस्ततेसं याइगु छगू प्रक्रिया ख। शल्य दर्मातोलोजीया छगू अभिन्न अङ्ग ख। थुकियात दर्मातोलोजीया रेसिदेन्सी त्रेनिङय् स्यनि। अतः, सकल दर्मातोलोजिस्ततेत क्युतेनियस शल्य वइ।
दर्मातोलोजिस्त शल्यचिकित्सकयात स्यनिगु पद्धतिइ लेजर, परम्परागत स्क्यापेल शल्य, इलेक्त्रोशल्य, क्रायोशल्य, फोतोदाइनामिक थेरापी, लाइपोसक्सन, ब्लेफेरोप्लास्ती (कस्मेतिक आइलिद शल्य), मिनिमल्ली-इन्भेसिभ फेसलिफ्त शल्य (दसु., एस-लिफ्त), व तपिकल व इन्जेक्तेबल एजेन्त (दसु दर्मल फिलरय् दा त्रान्स्फर, हायालुरोनिक अम्ल) आदि ला।
[सम्पादन] दायाग्नोसिस
दर्मातोलोजिस्तं थगु दायाग्नोसिस मेमेगु चिकित्सकतेसं थें हे हिस्त्री, जांच व इन्भेस्तिगेसनया पद्धतिं याइ।
[सम्पादन] मेदिकल हिस्त्री
दर्मातोलोजिस्तं दक्ले न्हापां छगू मेदिकल हिस्त्री काइ। थुकिलि दर्मातोलोजिस्तं ल्वेमिं कया हगु लक्षणया विस्तृत जानकारी काइ। छुं नं लक्षण गथे व गब्ले न्ह्यथंगु, न्ह्यथने धुंका जुगु मेमेगु विकास, लक्षण म्हो यायेत जुगु कुतः आदिया बारेय् जानकारी कायेगु ज्या जुइ। लक्षण कथं जानकारी पाइगु जुसां चिकित्सकं आपालं न्यनिगु न्ह्यसले मू समस्या, च्वासुइगु वा स्याइगु, नसा-त्वंसा नापया स्वापू, निभाया असर, छ्यतातगु वासः, वसःनाप स्वापू आदि जुइ। छ्यँगु स्वया दुनेया अङ्गया ल्वेया शङ्का वंसा दुनेया अङ्गया बारेय् विस्तृत जानकारी कायेगु ज्या जुइ।
[सम्पादन] म्हया जांच
म्ह जांच आपालं बांलागु जः वा निभा दुगु थासय् यायेमागु जुइ। थुकिलि आपालं सकल म्हया छ्यंगु स्वेमालिगु जुइ। चिकित्सकं वूद लाइत वा दर्मातोस्कोप छ्यला निरिक्षण यायेफु।
[सम्पादन] माइक्रोबायोलोजी
माइक्रोबायोलोजिकल कल्चर वा ग्राम स्तेन छ्यला थी-थी कथंया प्याथोजेनया बारेय् सीकिगु व ल्वे लंकिगु ज्या यायेछिं।
[सम्पादन] Biopsy
If the diagnosis is uncertain or a cutaneous malignancy is suspected, the dermatologic surgeon may perform a small punch biopsy (using a local anesthetic) for examination under the microscope by the dermatologist who is a trained dermatopathologist.
[सम्पादन] Therapy
The skin is obviously accessible to topical local therapy. Antibiotic creams can help eliminate infections, while inflammatory skin diseases (such as eczema and psoriasis) often respond to steroid creams or topical anthralin. Dermatologists are innovators of new immune enhancing treatments, like topical imiquimod for superficial cancers and injection immunotherapy for warts as discussed below.
[सम्पादन] Topical medications
Topical medications treat many dermatological diseases, but dermatologists also use oral medications. Antibiotics and immune suppressants or immune enhancing agents (injection immunotherapy or topical imiquimod) for dermatological diseases or tumors. Isotretinoin ("Accutane") is used for severe cystic acne vulgaris and often produces a lifetime remission of this disfiguring disease. Isotretinoin prescribing in the U.S. is now controlled by a cumbersome FDA governmental website called iPLEDGE. Various new modalities of treatment are in the foray; with the advent of laser technology things are quite promising.
[सम्पादन] Photomedicine
Photomedicine involves the use of ultraviolet light, often in combination with oral or topical agents, to treat skin disease (e.g., psoriasis or mycosis fungoides).
[सम्पादन] Surgical therapies
Surgical intervention by a dermatologic surgeon may be necessary, for example, to treat varicose veins or skin cancer. Varicose veins can be treated with sclerotherapy (injecting an agent that obliterates the vein) or the long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Skin cancers can be managed with excision (including Mohs cancer surgery), cryosurgery, x-ray, or with the recent topical immune enhancing agent imiquimod. (See above section on "Dermatologic Surgery" for more details.)
[सम्पादन] Psychodermatology and hypnodermatology
Psychodermatology and hypnodermatology involve using hypnosis in combination with other pseudo-psychological therapies to treat skin disorders.
[सम्पादन] Training programs
[सम्पादन] Residency training program in North America
A minimum of 12 years of college and post graduate training is required to become a dermatologist in the United States and Canada. This includes graduation from a 4-year college where they will take Pre-Medicine, then a 4-year medical school followed by a year of post graduate training in medicine, surgery or pediatrics (called an internship) after which a physician may apply for admission to graduate dermatology residency training. Dermatology residencies are the most competitive in terms of admission[१][२]. The nation's most prestigious residency training programs include New York University, the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard, Stanford, and the University of California, San Francisco (known colloquially as the "Big Five"). Following the successful completion of formal residency training in dermatology (3 years) the physician is qualified to take certifying board examinations (written) by the American Board of Dermatology or the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. Once board certified, dermatologists become Diplomates of the American Board of Dermatology or the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology AOCD. They are then eligible to apply for fellowship status in the American Academy of Dermatology. Some dermatologists undertake advanced subspecialty training in programs known as fellowships after completion of their residency training. These fellowships are either one or two years in duration. Fellowships in dermatology include pediatric dermatology, surgical dermatology including Mohs micrographic surgery, dermatopathology (pathology of skin diseases) and dermatological immunology.
[सम्पादन] Training programme in Australia
An Australian specialist dermatologist will have completed 4-6 years of medical school (depending on institution), one internship year and at least one year of general medical or surgical service in the public hospital system, prior to becoming eligible for specialist training in dermatology. The selection process is rigorous and transparent; candidates must pass science and pharmacology exams and engage in monitored and assessed practical training in all aspects of medical and surgical dermatology. At the completion of the 5 year training programme, trainees sit a national written examination held over two days. Successful candidates may then proceed to the practical viva examination, similarly held over 2 days. Successful candidates may then apply for Fellowship status with the Australasian College of Dermatologists.
[सम्पादन] Training program in India
To be a dermatologist in India, a minimum of 2 years (for diploma ) or 3 years (for MD) of training is required after graduation from medical school and internship. The period involves rigorous training in all aspects of general dermatology, cosmetic dermatology, dermatopathology, dermatosurgery, venereal diseases (including HIV) and leprosy. At the end of the training period the resident has to go through written tests and clinical exams. The postgraduate qualification awarded is DVD (Diploma in Venereology and Dermatology) and MD (dermatology, venereology and leprosy). Many specialists also go for certification by the national board (for the award of 'diplomate of national board'). The Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists(IADVL)is one of the largest dermatolological associations in the world.
[सम्पादन] मालेज्या
From the basic science of cutaneous genetics and immunology, to the practical application of new knowledge and technology in the diagnosis and management of skin disease (like psoriasis) and surgical treatment of skin cancer, dermatologists have been among the leaders in the field. The annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology is one of the keys for rapid dissemination of new knowledge to the practicing dermatologist and dermatologic surgeon.
[सम्पादन] दर्मातोलोजिकल ल्वे
- दर्मतोलोजिकल ल्वेतेगु धलः
[सम्पादन] लिधँसा
- ↑ "...has been the most competitive of all specialties for at least the last 5-6 years." This is confirmed by data from the electronic residency application service (ERAS).. 2007-06-23 कथं।
- ↑ "Dermatology continues to be the most competitive residency to enter..." Arch Dermatol. 2006;142:845-850.. 2007-06-25 कथं।
[सम्पादन] ब्वनादिसँ
- Dermatology Times - a newsmagazine
[सम्पादन] स्वयादिसँ
- दर्मातोप्याथोलोजी
- र्यास
- इम्युनोदर्मातोलोजी
- छ्यंगु
- सं
[सम्पादन] पिनेया स्वापूत
- American Academy of Dermatology
- Canadian Dermatology Association
- American Society for Cosmetic Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery
- DMOZ - Skin Conditions, Diseases, Disorders
- DERMWEB - Dermatology Links and Resources by the University of British Columbia
- Skin diseases and disorders - dermatology atlas
- American Society for Dermatologic Surgery
- American Society for Mohs Surgery
- American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery
- Australasian College of Dermatologists
