사용자:이형주/포르투갈 에스쿠도
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
| 이형주/포르투갈 에스쿠도 포르투갈어: escudo português |
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| ISO 4217 | PTE | ||||
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| 사용 국가 | 포르투갈 | ||||
| 통화 팽창률 | 2.8% (2000) | ||||
| 출처 | worldpress.org | ||||
| ERM | |||||
| 가입 날짜 | 1989년 6월 19일 | ||||
| 고정환율 시작 날짜 | 31 December 1998 | ||||
| €로 대체 날짜 (현금） | 1 January 2002 | ||||
| € = |  |
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| 보조단위 | |||||
| 1/100 | centavo | ||||
| 기호 |  or $ when not available |
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| 복수형 | escudos | ||||
| centavo | centavos | ||||
| 동전 | 1$, 5$, 10$, 20$, 50$, 100$, 200$ | ||||
| 지폐 | 500$, 1000$, 2000$, 5000$, 10,000$ | ||||
| 중앙은행 | Banco de Portugal | ||||
| 웹사이트 | www.bportugal.pt | ||||
| 민트 | Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda | ||||
| 웹사이트 | www.incm.pt | ||||
| 이 요약 표는 이 통화가 대체되기 직전의 상태를 보여준다. | |||||
The escudo was the currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999 and was removed from circulation on 28 February 2002. The ISO 4217 code of the escudo was PTE. The escudo was subdivided into 100 centavos. Its symbol was the cifrão 
, similar to the dollar sign, but with two strokes. Amounts in escudos were written as 
with the cifrão as the decimal separator (e.g. 
means 25 escudos, 
means 100 escudos and 50 centavos). Because of the conversion rate of 1000 réis = 1 escudo, three decimal places were initially used (1 escudo = 
). "Escudo" is Portuguese for "shield".
목차 |
[편집] History
The escudo was introduced in 1911, after the 1910 Republican revolution, to replace the real at the rate of 1000 réis to 1 escudo. The term mil réis (thousand réis) remained a colloquial synonym of "escudo" up to the 1990s. One million réis was called one conto de réis or simply one conto. This expression passed on to the escudo, meaning 1000 escudos, and is still in use today, meaning €5 (1000 escudos = €4.99 = 1 conto).
The escudos value was initially set at 4.5 escudos = 1 pound sterling. After 1914, the value of the escudo fell, being fixed in 1928 at 108.25 to the pound. This was altered to 110 escudos to the pound in 1931. A new rate of 27.5 escudos to the U.S. dollar was established in 1940, changing to 25 in 1940 and 28.75 in 1949.
Inflation throughout the 20th century made centavos essentially worthless by its end, with fractional value coins with values such as $50 or 2$50 eventually withdrawn from circulation in the 1990s. With the entry of Portugal in the Eurozone, the conversion rate to the euro was set at 200.482 escudos to €1.
[편집] Territorial usage
The escudo was used in the Portuguese mainland, the Azores and Madeira, with no distinction of coins or banknotes. In Portugal's African colonies, the escudo was generally used up to independence, with Portuguese and sometime local coins circulating alongside banknotes of the Banco Nacional Ultramarino, rather than those of the Bank of Portugal used on the mainland. For more details, see the escudos of Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea and São Tomé and Príncipe. Only Cape Verde continues use the escudo. In Macao, the currency during the colonial period was, as it is today, the pataca. Timor-Leste adopted the escudo whilst still a Portuguese colony, having earlier used the pataca. Portuguese India briefly adopted the escudo before it was annexed by India.
[편집] 동전
Between 1912 and 1916, silver 10, 20 and 50 centavos and 1 escudo coins were issued. Bronze 1 and 2 centavos and cupro-nickel 4 centavos were issued between 1917 and 1922.
In 1920, bronze 5 centavos and cupro-nickel 10 and 20 centavos were introduced, followed, in 1924, by bronze 10 and 20 centavos and aluminium bronze 50 centavos and 1 escudo. Aluminium bronze was replaced with cupro-nickel in 1927.
In 1932, silver coins were introduced for 2½, 5 and 10 escudos. The 2½ and 5 escudos were minted until 1951, with the 10 escudos minted until 1955 with a reduced silver content. In 1963, cupro-nickel 2½ and 5 escudos were introduced, followed by aluminium 10 centavos, bronze 20 and 50 centavos and 1 escudo in 1969. Cupro-nickel 10 and 25 escudos were introduced in 1971 and 1977, respectively. In 1986, a new coinage was introduced which circulated until replacement by the euro. It consisted of nickel-brass 1, 5 and 10 escudos, cupro-nickel 25 and 50 escudos, with bimetalic 100 and 200 escudos introduced in 1989 and 1991.
Coins in circulation at the time of the changeover to the euro were:
- 1 에스쿠도 (.50 cent)
- 5 에스쿠도 (2.49 cent)
- 10 에스쿠도 (4.99 cent)
- 20 에스쿠도 (9.98 cent)
- 50 에스쿠도 (24.94 cent)
- 100 에스쿠도(49.88 cent)
- 200 에스쿠도 (99.76 cent)
Coins ceased to be exchangeable for euro on December 31, 2002.
Another name for the 50 centavos coin was coroa (crown). Long after the 50 centavos coins disappeared, people still called the 2$50 coins cinco coroas (five crowns).
[편집] 지폐
The Casa da Moeda issued notes for 5, 10 and 20 centavos between 1917 and 1925 whilst, between 1913 and 1922, the Banco de Portugal introduced notes for 50 centavos, 1, 2½, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 escudos. 50 centavos and 1 escudo notes ceased production in 1920, followed by 2½, 5 and 10 escudos in 1925 and 1926. 5000 escudos notes were introduced in 1942.
The last 20 and 50 escudos notes were printed dated 1978 and 1980, respectively, with 100 escudos notes being replaced by coins in 1989, the same year that 10,000 escudos notes were introduced
유로로 대체되기 전의 지폐는:
- 500 에스쿠도 (€ 2.49)
- 1000 에스쿠도 (€ 4.99)
- 2000 에스쿠도 (€ 9.98)
- 5000 에스쿠도 (€ 24.94)
- 10,000 에스쿠도 (€ 49.88)
이다.
Banknotes can still be returned to central bank Banco de Portugal and converted to euro until 2022년 2월 28일.
Escudo banknotes celebrated notable figures from the History of Portugal. The final banknote series featured the Portugal in the Age of Discovery, with João de Barros, Pedro Álvares Cabral, Bartolomeu Dias, 바스쿠 다 가마, and Henry the Navigator.
The last 100-escudo Banknote represented Fernando Pessoa, the famous Portuguese writer.
[편집] See also
- Portuguese euro coins
- Economy of Portugal
[편집] External links
틀:Standard numismatics external links
- Overview of the Portuguese escudo from the BBC
- On-line catalogue of Escudo banknotes and coins (Portugese/English)
틀:Start box 틀:Succession box 틀:End box
- ^ 1999 by law, 2002 de facto.
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| 화제 | 언어적 문제 · 유로 고정 환율 · 유로 기호 · 유로존 · 오일 유로 |
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| 관리 | 유럽 중앙은행 (ESCB • 유로시스템 • 중앙은행장) · 경제 통화 연합 · 에코핀 · 안정과 성장 협정 · 유로그룹 | ||||||
| 역사 | 스네이크 체제 · 유럽 통화 시스템 (I: ECU • II: ERM • III: EMU) · 유럽 통화 연구소 · 도입 · 확장 | ||||||
| 관련 | EU 경제 · 유럽의 경제 · 에오니아 · 유리보 · 세계 경제 · 준비 통화 · 세계 통화 | ||||||
| 종류 |
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| 국가별 동전 |
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| 산출 통화 |
유럽 통화 단위 · 그리스 드라크마 · 네덜란드 길더 · 독일 마르크 · 룩셈부르크 프랑 · 모나코 프랑 · 몰타 리라 · 바티칸 리라 · 벨기에 프랑 · 산마리노 리라 · 스페인 페세타 · 슬로베니아 톨라 · 아일랜드 파운드 · 오스트리아 실링 · 이탈리아 리라 · 키프로스 파운드 · 포르투갈 에스쿠도 · 프랑스 프랑 · 핀란드 마르카 | ||||||
| 잔존 통화 |
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| 화폐학 포털 (영어) · 유럽 연합 포털 (영어) | |||||||
