Itran n Imucaɣ

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Imucaɣ, tamusni-nsen af yetran d tameqrant, imi d itran ay tn-iheddun asmi ttinigen deg lxali. Ula d Imucaɣ ufan deg igenni igrawen neɣ tirebuyaɛ n yetran yecban zund kra n tteṣṣwiṛat, am wakken i t-xedmen si zik igduden nniḍen deg tmura nniḍen. Lɛibad neɣ lḥiwan neɣ tiɣawsiwin ẓran deg igenni, yal yiwen deg-sen yesɛa tadyant-is.

[beddel] tirbaɛin n yetran

Itran imeqqranen iweṣṣfen "talɣemt": sbaɛ yetran n Ursa Maior rnu-yasen Arcturus. Lxeṭṭ yesdukulen akasrun d Arcturus yettban am yiri-s gezzifen iqewwsen.

• Ursa Maior = talämt (talɣemt), deg-s 9 yetran neɣ akter:
  • 4 yetran n ukasrun ("la casserole") = iḍarren wi n eleqqam (tadawt, iḍarren ineggura) ak° d shiwa (iḍarren imezwura)
  • 3 yetran n ufettus-is = tekamci neɣ tikerdaf n iri n tälämt (iɣsan n iri n telɣemt), bac a nemqet:
    1. Alioth = takerduft ta täzzarät (iɣes n iri amezwaru)
    2. Mizar = takerduft ta n sänatät (iɣes n iri wis sin)
    3. Alkaid = takerduft ta n käradät (iɣes n iri wis tlata)
  • Arcturus = éɣaf n tälämt (aqerru n telɣemt)
  • itri ur nemeɛqul (wissen ma d η Bootis [Prasse et al.]? neɣ d Alcor [Barrère]?) = énaḍ ("aḥeddad")
  • ɛlaḥsab n Duveyrier, rnun-asen yetran wiyaḍ (ψ, λ, μ, ν, ξ Ursae Maioris) yellan d eljemɣat ("agraw, tajmaɛt")

• Ursa Minor = äwära (aberhuc n telɣemt)
  • Itri n ugafa = lenkecem

• Pleiades = Cet Ehoḍ (Yessi-s n yiḍ), Tislitin n Aldebaran d Orion, di 7 yid-sent, bac a nemqet 3 iyugwin d yiwet yellan n weḥd-es:
  • ma teseksek ak° d essek-awet
  • ma teleɣleɣ ak° d elleɣ-awet
  • ma teregreg ak° d erreg-awet
  • tiṭ-ennit aba-tet (tin war tiṭṭ-is)/Fadimata is ikkăs Amănăr teṭṭ-ennit făl telleq n ebdebed (Faḍimata yesmundel Orion i lmend n umennuɣ af ik°emmic n lḥebb)
• Aries (35 Arietis, 41 Arietis, 39 Arietis) = tamezgida n Cet Ehoḍ (Tamezgida n Yessi-s n yiḍ).

• Hyades = ulli (tixsi)
• Ettaj n Buriya = abuk n enaḍen (atemmu n iḥeddaden)
  • Alphecca, itri tafat-is tif wiyaḍ irkull, d lkanun anda xeddemen

• Orion = Amänär (aneḥkam)
  • Betelgeuse = afus wa n äghil (afus ayeffus)
  • Bellatrix = afus wa n tecalge (afus azelmaḍ)
  • Abagus n Orion = tagbest n Amänär (abagus n Umanar)/Takuba n Amänär (llemca n Umanar)
  • Rigel = aḍer n alaku (aḍar [azelmaḍ] iɣeṭṭṣen deg waluḍ)
  • "Bouclier" n Orione (π₁-π₆ Ori) = tamezgida n Amänär (tamezgida n Umanar)
  • Agu n yetran n Orion = eyy (neɣ äshiwa) n Amänär (tanefsit n Umanar)

• Aṛamul ("Taurus") = Kukayoḍ. Kukayoḍ ama d isem n yitri n Aldebaran weḥd-es ama d isem n tarbaɛt n yitran (di tlata yid-sen) anda yella yitri-yagi: win d alemmas d eljetta; wiyaḍ d sin idisan-is.

• Akniwen (Barrère) neɣ Ajdaɛ ("Centaure") (Bernus-ag Sidyene) = ineran (izerzeren)
  • ener (izerzer)
  • tenert (tizerzert)

• Ṣṣlib n Wenẓul = iggaren (imɣan n Maerua crassifolia) : 4 yemɣan yellan d adernu, anda kessen izenzaren n Ujdaɛ

• Lyra = égädär wa sgänän (igider yeqqimen af ucku); égädär wa sgänän d isem daɣen n yitri ameqqran deg terbaɛt:
  • Vega
• Igider = égädär wa iggädän (igider yufgen); égädär wa iggädän d isem daɣen n yitri ameqqran deg terbaɛt:
  • Altair

• Cycnus = tanegit (ɣarnuq s ettaj : Prasse-Alojali-Mohamed)

• aydi ameqqran (Canis maior) = ifäräkfärakän (wid yettferficen mi ttmimmiḍen deg usaɣur); albaɛḍ nnan-as belli ifäräkfärakän d "aẓeɛkuk-is" kan : ɛ, δ, η
  • Sirius = eidi (aydi)
  • Murzim (β Canis Maioris) = awhim (aberhuc n teɣzalt)
  • Procion (α Canis Minor) = teidit (taydit)

• Awtul = ihenkad (tiɣzalin)

• Argo Navis
  • Canopus (α Carinae) = ghusshät (ɣuct) / wadet
  • δ Velae = tänaflit (sseɛd)
  • itri ur nemeɛqul = teẓẓurt (leɛtab)

• Tiɣirdemt = tezardemt (tiɣirdemt), maca terbaɛt agi feṣṣlen-tt d leslayeɛ :
  • amur n zdat yella d talezdäq (tazdayt)
  • Antares = Abelkoray / Amrot (ilemẓi yettalayen afell-as)
  • Graffias (β¹ Sco) ak°d Dschubba (δ Sco) = tibaradin (tiqcicin) [akkenni i s-qqaren Prasse d wiyiḍ; ɛlaḥsab n Barrère tibaradin d itran n Sagitta ]
  • aẓeɛkuk n tɣirdemt, ẓran deg-s tenilt (tanilt). Deg-s nufa :
    • Shaula (λ Sco) ak°d Lesath (υ Sco) yellan d Tyettawén en tanilt, "allen n tenilt"

• Abrid n walim = mehellaw (win izellemen)
  • Eyes (aɛudiw) d ccama taberkant s-daxl-is, ar tama n Alnitak (ζ Orionis)

• Amkuẓ n Pegasus = tafella (ssqef)

• Cassiopaea = ibäradän (ilemẓyen) / jämaghät (agraw)

[beddel] Tidyanin

Ursa maior d Ursa minor - Ma d Talamt d awara-nnet ("talɣemt d uberhuc-is"), nnan-as belli talɣemt agi ism-is d Fakru, tella d talɣemt n sidna Saliḥ. Nɣan-tt yir medden, tuɣal-ed d terbaɛt n yetran. Widak tt-yenɣan wwin deɛwessu : beddlen, uɣalen d lḥiwan. Itran n Telɣemt mačči d 7 yetran n "Ursa" kan : rnan-asen daɣen Arcturus, yegan ixf-is (akkenni i tesɛa iri gezzifen iqewwsen, amzun d iri n telɣemt). Tatrit tamecṭuḥt tama-s tella d aḥeddad yettarǧun timezla n telɣemt i wakken ad yeṣneɛ tarikt s weglim-is (talɣemt, bɣan a tt-zlun ilmend n tmeɣra n Kukayoḍ ara izewǧen d yiwet n yessi-s n yiḍ). Aberhuc n telɣemt la itezzi i tagust, yellan d Itri n Ugafa. Wiyaḍ (Duveyrier 1864, as. 424) qqaren belli Itri n Ugafa d taklit yettaṭṭafen deg ucuddu n uberhuc skud i teẓẓegen yemma-s. Lenkeshem d lamer "eṭṭef!" k^wellefen-as. Imi yefta wegraw a tt-nɣen, taklit tetthilliw ammar a tt-ɛeqlen.

Pleiades - Yessi-s n yiḍ, tadyant-nsent ar ass-a wer t-nessin ara. Nessen kan belli Kukayoḍ la tent-yettabaɛ imi yebɣa ad yaɣ yiwet deg-sent, maca leɛmer ur tent-yaweḍ ("atabeɛ n Kukayoḍ" d anzi n kel tmaceɣt, qqaren-as i win yewten di rrayeɛ) ; ziɣemma wer nessin anta ara tili d tislit-is.

Amanar - Ma d Amanar, tidyanin nnant belli yella d izem, d amjahed yekkaten uzzal, ḥedd ur as-yezmir. Ziɣ wer nessin ara ayen iga. Yiwet tedyant yesla Barrère yenna-yas Amanar bezzaf yeffelfel armi d yiwen wass iwet yemma-s lqaɛa. Dɣa yewwi daɛwessu s lḥamu d wegris : afus-is ayeffus (Betelgeuse yejjeɣjeɣen), la yettɣimi deg timess idumen, ma d aḍar azelmaḍ (Rigel, tafat-is d tamellalt) dima deg wegris i tella. Tura lǧetta ines ǧǧan-tt yegganen deg igennni ɛeryan yal yiwen yezmer a tt-iwali.

Aydi ameqqran, Awtul - Ma d ifäräkfärakän, llan kra n imɣad (yemdanen seg iderman wer d lḥerr) iteddun deg uleclac yeqquren, s lemḥadra ammar a ten-ɛeqlent tiɣzalin (ihenkaḍ), maca tiɣzalin slant afedwec-nsen rewlent. Dɣa meṛṛɛen aydi (eidi) a tent-yeṭṭef, maca yezwar-asen Umanar iṣegged-itent. Imir-a rran imɣad s snat izerzeren-nniḍen (ener "izerzer" d tenert "tizerzert") Amanar wer yezmir ad iwali ɛlaxaṭeṛ llan s deffir-es. Aydi (eidi) yettazzal ɣer izerzer, taydit (teidit) ɣer tizerzert.

Tiɣirdemt - Itran agi, ẓran deg-s Abelkoray, ilemẓi yebɣan ad yak°er ettmer n tezdayt. Amma yettuẓer sɣur tiqcicin la iteddun ar tala ad ag°ment. Abelkoray yusa-d ar amkan agi s uɛudiy-is (eyes), yeǧǧ-it s tuffra deg ccama taberkant n webrid n walim.

Amkuẓ n Pegasus - ɛlaḥsab n Casajus (as. 58), igenni isenned af 4 yeɛmuden ḥedd ur iwala (s tmaceqq : tagettewt, deg 4 tiɣemmaṛ, ugafa-ataram, agafa-agmuḍ, anẓul-ataram, anẓul-agmuḍ). Bac ad amnen yemdanen belli 4 yeɛmuden agi la weǧǧeden, yerra Ṛebbi 4 yetran agi deg igenni i tn-yesmektin : tafella (ssqef).

[beddel] Idlisen

• G. Barrère, "La légende des étoiles", Le Saharien 79 (décembre 1981), is. 26-33
• Edmond Bernus & Ehya ag-Sidiyene, "Etoiles et constellations chez les nomades", Awal 5 (1989), is. 141-153 (dagi yettwaf umagrad s pdf, 1.2 Mo)
• Henri Duveyrier, Les Touareg du Nord, Paris, Challamel, 1864
• Dominique Casajus, La tente dans la solitude. La société et les morts chez les Touaregs Kel Ferwan, Paris-Cambridge, 1987 ISBN 0-521-30970-0 d ISBN 2-7351-0190-8
• Jeanne-René Pottier, Légendes touareg, Paris, F. Sorlot, 1943
• K.-G. Prasse, Gh. Alojali, Gh. Mohamed, Dictionnaire touareg-français, 2 voll., Copenhagen 2003 ISBN 87-7289-844-5