Vitaliy Kalynychenko
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Vitaliy Kalynychenko (Ukrainian: Віталій Кальниченко, born January 31, 1938) was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group.
Kalnychenko's first transgresssion of Soviet law was his nonagreement to work for the KGB. He was approached in 1964 to act as an informant, but his unwillingness to do so caused him to be arrested by a fellow student in 1965. He was released without charge, and worked in Leningrad as an electrical engineer.
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[edit] Arrest and Sentencing
On July 20th, 1966, Kalnychenko was caught trying to flee to Finland. He was taken to Moscow, where, according to standard Soviet procedure, his mental state was examined. He was ruled sane by the Serbsky Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry in Moscow, and stood trial.
On January 12th, 1967, Kalynychenko was charged with "attempting to betray his homeland", and was sentenced to 10 years harsh regime labour camp.
Kalnychenko protested to his sentence on the grounds that he had not been sentenced for trying to cross a border illegally, but rather that he was a political prisoner. In 1974, he sent an open letter in that effect to the presidium of the USSR (with a copy going to the United Nations).
[edit] Ukrainian Helsinki Group
Kalnychenko joined the Ukrainian Helsinki Group on October 3, 1977[1].
Between October 17th and 27th, 1977, Kalychenko went on a hunger strike, demanding to be allowed to emigrate from the USSR.
On October 23, 1977, Kalnychenko sent a letter to the Supreme Soviet denouncing Soviet citizenship, military ticket, and university degree.
On April 7, 1978, Kalnychenko was arrested for Hooliganism. At the time, "hooliganism" was an umbrella term used by authorities to chastise non-membership in the communist party.
Kalnychenko could not find work, and appealed to the authorities for assistance.
[edit] Second Arrest
On November 29, 1979, Kalnychenko was arrested a second time, and charged with distributing information of the Moscow Helsinki Group, the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, as well as Anti Soviet Agitation and Propaganda (for his denouncement of Soviet Citizenship)[2].
On May 16, 1980, the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Court ruled that Kalnychenko was a repeat offender and he was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment and 5 years exile.
[edit] Pardon during Glastnost
On April 7, 1988, Kalnychenko was pardoned by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR. He was released on April 18, 1988.
[edit] Emigration to the US
In 1989, Kalnychenko moved to the United States. He lives in Washington.
