Veljo Tormis
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Veljo Tormis (b. August 7, 1930) is an Estonian composer, regarded to be one of the greatest living choral composers[1] [2] and one of the most important composers of the 20th century in Estonia[3]. Internationally, his fame arises chiefly from his extensive body of choral music, which exceeds 500 individual choral songs, most of it a cappella. The great majority of these pieces are based on traditional ancient Estonian folksongs (regilaulud), either textually, melodically, or merely stylistically.
His composition most often performed outside of Estonia, Curse Upon Iron (Raua needmine) (1972), invokes ancient Shamanistic traditions to construct an allegory about the evils of war. This piece was banned by the Soviet government, along with many other controversial works by Tormis.
More recently, Tormis's works have been lionized in worldwide performances and several recordings by Tõnu Kaljuste and the Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir. In the 1990s, Tormis also began to receive commissions from some of the pre-eminent a cappella choruses in the West such as the King's Singers, the Holst Singers and the Hilliard Ensemble.
Tormis has famously said of his settings of traditional melodies and verse: "It is not I who make use of folk music, it is folk music that makes use of me."[3] His work demonstrates his conviction that traditional Estonian and other Balto-Finnic music represents a treasure which must be guarded and nourished, and that culture may be kept alive through the medium of song.[3]
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[edit] Biographical highlights
Tormis had a profound experience with choral music starting at an early age. His father was a choral director, organist, and music teacher. His delight in the contrasting timbres provided by the organ stops may also be connected to his later orchestration of choral textures, a hallmark of his mature style.[3]
Tormis began his formal musical education in 1943 at the Tallinn Music School, but was interrupted by World War II and illness. In 1949, he entered the Tallinn Conservatory and continued his studies at the Moscow Conservatory (1951-1956). He quickly acquired teaching positions at the Tallinn Music School (1955-60) and the Tallinn Music High School (1962-66), but by 1969 was supporting himself exclusively as a freelance composer.
From that time up until his retirement from composition in 2000, Tormis composed over 500 individual choral songs, as well as other vocal and instrumental pieces, film scores, and an opera. Despite the censorship of several of his more politically provocative works in the late 1970s and the 1980s, he remained an incredibly celebrated composer whose works were performed throughout the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. In Eastern Europe, he is regarded as one of the great contributors to the 20th century repertory of choral music. Currently, his work is beginning to gain wider recognition in the United States as well (a country which has traditionally had limited awareness of the choral prominence of the Baltic region).
[edit] Selected works
- Kihnu pulmalaulud (Kihnu Island Wedding Songs), 1959
- Sügismaastikud (Autumn Landscapes), 1964
- Eesti kalendrilaulud (Estonian Calendar Songs), 1966-67
- Maarjamaa ballaad (Ballad of Mary's Land), 1967
- Raua needmine (Curse Upon Iron), 1972
- Pikse litaania (Litany To Thunder), 1974
- Eesti ballaadid (Estonian Ballads), 1980
- Laulusild (Bridge of Song), 1981
- Varjele, Jumalan soasta (God, Protect us from War), 1984
- Unustatud rahvad (Forgotten Peoples), 1970-89
- Piispa ja pakana (The Bishop And The Pagan), 1992
[edit] References
- ^ Veljo Tormis at Oregon Bach Festival
- ^ Veljo Tormis at the Pacific Youth Choir
- ^ a b c d Daitz, Mimi. Ancient Song Recovered: The Life and Music of Veljo Tormis. Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press, 2004. ISBN 1-57647-009-1
- The first and only major writing on Tormis in English as of 2006. Includes discussion of many of Tormis’s compositions, Estonian history, and regilaul (the Baltic-Finnic runic song upon which much of Tormis’s music is based), translations of several important articles and interviews, analysis of several representative major choral works, and copious biographical information. Also includes a glossary, annotated discography, bibliography, a complete alphabetized list of works (found nowhere else in English), and a CD with several pertinent musical examples.
