Uniform Probate Code
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The Uniform Probate Code (commonly abbreviated UPC) is a uniform act drafted by National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) governing inheritance and the decedents' estates in the USA. The primary purposes of the act were to streamline the probate process and to standardize and modernize the various state laws governing wills, trusts, and intestacy.
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[edit] History of the Uniform Probate Code
The original UPC was drafted in 1969 as a joint project between NCCUSL and the Real Property, Probate and Trust Law Section of the American Bar Association. It has been revised several times, most recently in 2006.[1]
[edit] Adoption by the states
Although the UPC was intended for adoption by all 50 states, the original 1969 version of the code was adopted in its entirety by only sixteen states[2]: Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Utah. In any case, even among the adopting jurisdictions, there are variations from state to state, and some of them are significant. A person attempting to determine the law in a particular state should check the code as actually adopted in that jurisdiction and not rely on the text of the UPC as promulgated by NCCUSL. The remaining states have adopted various portions of the code in a piecemeal fashion. In general, the UPC has not been as successful a standardization of the law as the Uniform Commercial Code has been.
[edit] Basic outline of the Uniform Probate Code
The UPC has seven articles, each covering a different set of rules for this area of the law:
| ART. | TITLE | CONTENTS |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | General Provisions, Definitions, and Probate Jurisdiction of Court | Definitions; rules of interpretation; jurisdiction and venue |
| 2 | Intestacy, Wills, and Donative Transfers | Intestate succession of property; procedures for making, interpretation, and revocation of wills (includes Statutory rule against perpetuities and Uniform Simultaneous Death Act) |
| 3 | Probate of Wills and Administration | Procedural rules for the probate process |
| 4 | Foreign Personal Representatives and Ancillary Administration | Rules governing personal representatives outside the decedent's domiciliary state |
| 5 | Protection of Persons under Disability and their Property | Power of attorney and rules for guardianship of minors and incapacitated persons |
| 6 | Nonprobate Transfers on Death | Rules governing nonprobate transfers, such as joint bank accounts, life insurance policies, and transfer-on-death (TOD) securities |
| 7 | Trust Administration | Provisions governing management of trusts; fiduciary duties of trustees |
[edit] Notes
- ^ Uniform Probate Code
- ^ Thomson West reports that only 16 states adopted the UPC in its form, while NCCUSL and LII report this number at 18.
[edit] External links
- Summary of the Uniform Probate Code, from NCCUSL
- Thomson-West Legal Encyclopedia entry, courtesy of Jrank
- Guide to the various versions of the UPC from Legal Information Institute
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