Symphony No. 20 (Mozart)

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Symphony No. 20 in D major, K. 133, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in July, 1772, when Mozart was sixteen years old.

[edit] Form

The symphony has four movements:

1. Allegro

   The first movement, in D major, is written in sonata-allegro form, with the notable deviation of the recapitulation being the mirror image of the exposition. That is, the recapitulation starts with the second theme, and Mozart waits until the very end to unveil the return of the first theme. He does so by first bringing the theme in softly with the strings, then repeating with the strings now doubled by the trumpets.

2. Andante

   The second movement, in A major, features strings with a solo flute, which typically doubles the first violin one octave higher. The violins play with mutes throughout the movement, and the bass part is played pizzicato. These features, in combination, give the movement a delicate texture.

3. Menuetto; Trio

   This minuet in D major starts boldly. A more subdued trio written primarily for strings (with a bit of oboe).

4. Allegro

   The fourth movement, also in D major, is a long dance in 12/8 time cast in sonata-allegro form. Though Mozart himself did not label the tempo of the fourth movement, the character of the piece and the standard symphonic form of the time indicates that Mozart probably intended the piece to go at an "allegro" tempo.

[edit] Overview

This symphony is one of many written during the period Mozart stayed in Salzburg, between two trips to Italy. Compared to other symphonies Mozart wrote in this period, the scoring is extravagant, featuring two trumpets in addition to the standard oboes, horns, and strings. The key of D major, which is a key often reserved for ceremonial music, is well suited to the presence of these trumpets.

[edit] External links

• Symphony in D K. 133: Score and critical report (German) in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
• Symphony No. 20 was available at the International Music Score Library Project.

v • d • e Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1 · 2 a · 3 b · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 (Paris) · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 (Haffner) · 36 (Linz) · 37 c · 38 (Prague) · 39 · 40 · 41 (Jupiter) a #2 now attributed to Leopold Mozart.    b #3 now attributed to Carl Friedrich Abel.    c #37 now attributed to Michael Haydn. List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart