Swedish Livonia

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Livland
Duchy of Livonia

Dominion of Sweden

←

1629 – 1721

→


Flag of Sweden (1600s–1815)	Lesser coat of arms of Sweden

Capital

Riga

Language(s)

Swedish, Estonian, Latvian, Livonian, Low German

Religion

Lutheranism

Government

Principality

King of Sweden

- 1611–32

Gustav II Adolf

- 1720–51

Frederick I

Governor-General

- 1622–28

Jacob De la Gardie

- 1696–1702

Erik Dahlberg

Legislature

Diet

History

- Conquered by Sweden

1629

- Treaty of Oliva

April 23, 1660

- Great Northern War

1700–21

- Conquered by Russia

1713

- Treaty of Nystad

1721

Livonia (Swedish: Livland) was a dominion of Sweden from the 1620s until 1721. Swedish Livonia, which constituted the southern part of Estonia and northern part of Latvia (Vidzeme region), represented the conquest of the major part of what was the Polish-Lithuanian domain, known as Duchy of Livonia and was completed by 1629. Even if Livonia and the city of Riga was under Swedish control the territory was not formally ceded until the Treaty of Oliva in 1660, where the minor part retained by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was known as Inflantia (present-day Latgale region). During this time, Riga was the biggest city in Sweden.

The territory in turn was conquered by Russia during the Great Northern War and formed the Riga Governorate. It was formally ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.