Stylidiaceae
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| Stylidiaceae | ||||||||||
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 Stylidium amoenum
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Candolleaceae F.Muell. |
The family Stylidiaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It consists of six genera in two subfamilies and over 240 species, most of which are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Members of Stylidiaceae are typically grass-like herbs or small shrubs and can be perennials or annuals. Most species are free standing or self-supporting, though a few can be climbing or scrambling (Stylidium scandens uses leaf tips recurved into hooks to climb).
The pollination mechanisms of Stylidium and Levenhookia are unique and highly specialized. In Stylidium the floral column that consists of the fused stamen and style springs violently from one side (usually under the flower) when triggered, which deposits the pollen on a visiting insect. In Levenhookia, however, the column is immobile, but the hooded labellum is triggered and sheds pollen.
In 1981, only about 155 species were known in the family.[1] The current number of species by genus (reported in 2002) is as follows: Forstera - 5, Levenhookia - 10, Oreostylidium - 1, Phyllachne - 4, and Stylidium - 221. These numbers, especially for Stylidium, are changing rapidly as new species are described.[2]
[edit] Taxonomy
The genus Donatia is sometimes included in Stylidiaceae in the monotypic subfamily Donatioideae. The APG II system recommends its inclusion in Stylidiaceae but allows for the optional recognition of the family Donatiaceae.[3] APG II places Stylidiaceae and Donatiaceae in the Asterales order. The Cronquist system placed both families in the Campanulales order. The Takhtajan and Reveal systems place both families in the order Stylidiales. The Dahlgren system uses the same Stylidiales order, but it omits Donatiaceae. The Thorne system shifts Stylidiaceae into the Saxifragales order.
[edit] References
- ^ Cronquist, Arthur (1981). An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 986-987. ISBN 0-231-03880-1.
- ^ Wagstaff, S.J. and Wege, J. (2002). Patterns of diversification in New Zealand Stylidiaceae. American Journal of Botany, 89(5): 865-874. (Available online: HTML or PDF versions).
- ^ Stylidiaceae (at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website)
[edit] External links
