Stauffenberg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Stauffenbergs are an aristocratic Roman Catholic family from Swabia in Germany, whose best known member was Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg - the key figure in the 1944 "July 20 plot" to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
The Stauffenbergs originally came from Burg Stauffenberg (not related to the town and castle of Staufenberg, Hesse), a former castle located in Germany in the Land Württemberg between the small town Hechingen and its suburb Rangendingen, near Burg Hohenzollern, home of the family of Zollern (today House of Hohenzollern). In 1255 the existence of nobleman Schenk von Stauffenberg is documented for the first time. In the middle ages the Stauffenbergs served the Counts of Zollern in the ceremonial office of Mundschenk (cupbearer, sommelier, butler), which in reality meant they were in charge of the counts' wine cellars and vineyards. Since that time they have held the hereditary title Schenk (see also maior domus, marshal, Chamberlain).
In the 17th century, the Stauffenberg family inherited Burg Straßberg , the castle in Lautlingen, located in the vicinity of nearby Albstadt , Amerdingen as well as de:Rißtissen 20 km south of Ulm. The family gained the rank of Freiherr (Baron) in 1698. Marquard Sebastian Schenk von Stauffenberg was Monarch and Bishop of Bamberg in the 17th century and Johann Franz Schenk von Stauffenberg was Monarch and Bishop of Konstanz and Augsburg in the 18th century.
All Stauffenbergs born after 1830 are members of the Amerdingen branch. The elder brother of the then only existing two male Stauffenbergs was raised to the rank of Graf (Count) in the Kingdom of Bavaria by King Ludwig II in 1874, whereas the younger brother continued with the rank gained in 1698 of Freiherr (Baron). After 1918, when the constitution of the Weimar Republic abolished all noble titles in Germany and declared them to be part of the family name, one branch of the family adopted the surname Schenk Graf (Count) von Stauffenberg and the other Schenk Freiherr (Baron) von Stauffenberg to preserve the former titles Graf, Freiherr and Schenk as part of their last name.
[edit] Prominent members of the Stauffenberg family
- Graf Alfred Schenk von Stauffenberg, Württemberg Army officer, father of Alexander, Berthold, Claus
- Caroline Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg (née von Üxküll-Gyllenbrand), mother of Alexander, Berthold, Claus
- Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (1905-1944), twin brother of Alexander, lawyer and resistance fighter
- Alexander Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (1905-1964), twin brother of Berthold, historian and officer
- Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg (1903-1945), wife of Alexander, aviatrix and engineer
- Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (1907-1944), officer and resistance fighter
- Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg (1913-2006), wife of Claus
- Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (born 1934), son of Claus, Army officer
- Franz Ludwig Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (born 1938), son of Claus, politician
- Caspar Graf von Stauffenberg, grandson of Claus
- Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg (1913-2006), wife of Claus
- Baron Franz August Schenk von Stauffenberg (1831-1901), liberal German politician in opposition to the conservative Bismarck
- Franz Philipp Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, artist, collaborating with Christopher Roth
- Franz Schenk Freiherr von Stauffenberg (1878-1950), member of the Weimar Republic Reichstag and head the Württemberg Farmers' and Vintners' League (WBWB) from 1930 to 1944.
