Starch synthase

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In enzymology, a starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n⁺1

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ADP-glucose and (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n, whereas its two products are ADP and (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ADP-glucose:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use include ADP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, adenosine diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, adenosine diphosphoglucose-starch glucosyltransferase, ADP-glucose starch synthase, ADP-glucose synthase, ADP-glucose transglucosylase, ADP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, ADPG starch synthetase, ADPG-starch glucosyltransferase, and starch synthetase. This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism.

1 Structural studies
2 References
3 External links
- 3.1 Gene Ontology (GO) codes

[edit] Structural studies

As of late 2007, 4 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1RZU, 1RZV, 2BFW, and 2BIS.

[edit] References

IUBMB entry for 2.4.1.21
BRENDA references for 2.4.1.21 (Recommended.)
PubMed references for 2.4.1.21
PubMed Central references for 2.4.1.21
Google Scholar references for 2.4.1.21
Chambers J, Elbein AD (1970). "Biosynthesis of glucans in mung bean seedlings. Formation of beta-(1,4)-glucans from GDP-glucose and beta-(1,3)-glucans from UDP-glucose". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 138: 620–31. PMID 4317490.
FRYDMAN RB, CARDINI CE (1965). "STUDIES ON ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE D-GLUCOSE: ALPHA-1,4-GLUCAN ALPHA-4-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE OF SWEET-CORN ENDOSPERM". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 96: 294–303. PMID 14298833.
Greenberg E and Preiss J (1965). "Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. II. Purification and properties of the adenosine diphosphoglucose:glycogen transglucosylase of arthrobacter species NRRL B1973". J. Biol. Chem. 240: 2341–2348.
Leloir LF, de Fekete MA and Cardini CE (1961). "Starch and oligosaccharide synthesis from uridine diphosphate glucose". J. Biol. Chem. 236: 636–641.
Whelan, W.J. and Schultz, J. (Eds.), Miami Winter Symposia, vol. 1, North Holland, Utrecht, 1970, p. 122-138.