Special Action Force
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Special Action Force | |
|---|---|
 Special Action Force Official Insignia |
|
| Active | May 12, 1983 - Present |
| Country |  Philippines |
| Branch | Philippine National Police |
| Type | Special Forces |
| Role | Domestic Counter-Terrorism and Law Enforcement, Raids, Unconventional Warfare |
| Size | Classified |
| Part of | Directly under control of the Philippine National Police |
| Garrison/HQ | (Main) - Fort Sto. Domingo, Sta. Rosa, Laguna (Camp) - Camp Bagong Diwa, Taguig, Metro Manila |
| Nickname | SAF, Tagaligtas (Saviors) |
| Motto | By virtue of skill, we triumph |
| Engagements | Anti-guerilla operations against the New People's Army and formerly the Moro National Liberation Front before taking on the Moro Islamic Liberation Front Anti-terrorist operations against the Abu Sayyaf |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander |
P/C Superintendent Leocardio SC Santiago Junior |
| Notable commanders |
See Commanders Section |
| Insignia | |
| Subdued PNP patch | SAF patch on black beret |
The Special Action Force is the primary special forces unit of the Philippine National Police. It is formed along the lines of the British (SAS) Special Air Service, but with different recruitment and selection procedures[1]. The SAF, over the years, has received training from the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team (HRT), RAID and YAMAM [1]. The Anti-Terrorist Unit (ATU) of the PNP-SAF is responsible for nationwide Police Counter-terrorism (CT) operations nationwide. Meanwhile, the regions have specially-equipped and trained Regional Mobile Forces (RMF) which used to be the Light Reaction Unit (LRU) in Metro Manila and the Regional SAF (RSAF) in the provinces [1].
Members or Police trainees who undergo SAF training undergo several special military combat related training such as airborne forces training, military diving (UDT), and K-9 handling.
Some of the best members of the PNP-SAF are chosen to undergo bomb disposal or Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Training, and Very Important Person (VIP) security training with the Detective and Protection Services Division of the PNP. Graduates of these courses are furthermore handpicked to join the ranks of the president's elite bodyguard unit known as the Presidential Security Group (PSG).
SAF members who are distributed either regionally or within Metro Manila are furthermore assigned to SWAT units or SWAT training units.
Contents |
[edit] History
Created on May 12, 1983 by the former Philippine Constabulary as the Philippine Constabulary Special Action Force [2] as a requirement of General Order 323 of Philippine Constabulary Headquarters, Fidel Ramos and Renato de Villa were the founders of the unit. A training program, called the SAF Ranger Course, was used to train the 1st generation of SAF operators, which had a number of 149 operatives. Out of them, 26 were known commissioned officers. Later on, they changed the name of the course to the SAF Commando Course.
Initially formed to battle against NPA and former MNLF guerillas in the late 1980s and early 1990s, their tasks have been expanded to battle against organized criminal groups, terrorists, guerillas and common criminals.
During the days of the EDSA Revolution, Fidel Ramos was involved in planning an operation called "Exercise Ligtas Isla" (Exercise Save Island) in case either Imelda Marcos or General Fabian Ver would take over ruling from Ferdinand Marcos, who had been ill during the last few days of the Revolution. [3]
[edit] Functions
As designated by the Philippine National Police, the missions of the Special Action Force are the following: [3]
- To develop, organise and train organic personnel in the furtherance of the assigned mission.
- To conduct Counter-Terrorist operation in urban and rural areas.
- To conduct commando type unconventional warfare (CUW) against lawless elements over extended periods of time with minimal direction and control.
- To conduct search and rescue operations anywhere in the country during calamities and catastrophes.
- To conduct civil disturbance management (CDM) operations and address the requirements of stability and security operations in times of civil disobedience on a national scale.
- To operate as a rapid deployment force ready and capable to strike anytime and anywhere in the country in support of other units and other agencies as higher headquarters may direct.
- To perform other tasks as the Chief PNP may direct.
- To maintain a reasonable degree of law and order in the national highways and major thoroughfares
[edit] Weapons
[edit] Assault rifles
- M4 Carbine (Some with M203 grenade launchers)
- Colt M16 family (Some are outfitted with M203 grenade launchers)
- Special Operations Assault Rifle (SOAR)
- FERFRANS SSW (Squad Support Weapon)
- GIAT FAMAS G2
- IMI Galil AR
- IMI Galil ARM
- Springfield M14 rifle
- Heckler & Koch G36
[edit] Submachine guns
- Heckler & Koch MP5 series
- FN P90
- IMI Uzi family
[edit] Sniper rifles
- Barrett M82A1
- Heckler & Koch MSG-90
- IMI Galil ARM Sniper
- Remington M700
- Stoner SR-25
[edit] Machine guns
- FN MINIMI LMG
- FN MINIMI Para LMG
- ST Kinetics Ultimax 100 LMG
- US Ordnance M60 General purpose machine gun (GPMG)
- Vektor SS-77 GPMG (Mounted on Land Rover Defenders)
[edit] Known operations
- Late 1980s/1990s: First deployed to battle against NPA and MNLF rebels.
- July 27, 2003: SAF EOD experts deployed during the Oakwood Mutiny. [4]
- August 25, 2003: Several SAF units were deployed in Makati after heavily-armed bank robbers attacked the headquarters of Citibank Philippines.
- September 23, 2003: A joint raid by the SAF, the CIDG, the Intelligence Group (IG), the Traffic Management Group, the Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP), the Army Intelligence and Security Group (AISG) and the Marines assaulted Palar Village in Taguig, netting a bank robbery gang made up of ex-AFP soldiers believed to be responsible for the Citibank Philippines robbery. [5]
- September 28, 2003: Protection for US President George Bush during his visit to the Philippines.
- October 2, 2003: Arrest of Jemaah Islamiyah terrorist, Taofek Refke. [2]
- March 10, 2004: SAF teams engaged NPA guerillas in a gunfight alongside soldiers of the Philippine Army's 24th Infantry Battalion Sitio Caarosipan, Barangay Apostol, San Felipe town. 8 NPA guerillas were confirmed killed. A single SAF officer was killed on the spot with 3 injured.
- April 28, 2004: Arrest of Abu Sayyaf terrorists in the Muslim community in Culiat, Quezon City.
- May 31, 2004: Protection of ballot boxes used in the May 10, 2004 presidential elections.
- June 11, 2004: SAF teams deployed in a resettlement area in Taguig, Rizal province after reports of snipers were made to the Philippine National Police (PNP).
- June 20, 2004: A SAF officer was killed when the SAF and the Provincial Mobile Group engaged an NPA squad in a gunfight in Zambales province.
- July 17, 2004: A group of phone hackers, consisting of Filipino and foreign nationals, were arrested in a raid conducted by the SAF.
- July 28, 2004: Provided security for ex-Abu Sayyaf hostage Gracia Burnham, who testified against the terrorist group in a local courthouse.
- September 27, 2004: SAF teams deployed in the Cordillera in order to disarm various Partisan Armed Group (PAG) gunmen in the employ of several local prominent politicians.
- January 30, 2005: Arrest of various kidnap-for-ransom gang members in Batangas City
- February 10, 2005: A bank robbery gang was arrested during a raid in San Fernando City, Pampanga
- March 15, 2005: SAF and PNP SWAT teams raided the Metro Manila Rehabilitation Center of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in Camp Bagong Diwa, Taguig City after it was captured by Abu Sayyaf inmates. Among those killed were Alhamser Limbong alias Commander Kosovo, Ghalib Andang alias Commander Robot; Nadzmi Sabdullah alias Commander Global; and Sadit Abdul Ganit Husim alias Commander Lando [6]. For a short time, various human rights group in the Philippines and abroad have accused the SAF of police brutality and were convinced that the PNP really wanted to kill them at the start of the crisis. PNP officials have denied all charges [7]. Various foreign groups abroad (possibly other special ops units) have praised the SAF for bringing a quick end to the 30-hour crisis. This was one of the SAF's publicly known operations to be on the headlines on newspapers and on TV news reports worldwide, especially on CNN. PO1 (Police Officer 1) Abel P. Arreola was the only SAF operative killed during the attack. [8]
- February 17, 2006: SAF units are deployed in Southern Leyte as part of a humanitarian contingent of the PNP.
- February 21, 2006: SAF units patrol grounds of Malacañang Palace after an explosion occurred in the grounds of the Palace, said to be from a trash can.
- February 24, 2006: SAF units on red alert after coup attempt was discovered.
- October 9, 2006: SAF units deployed in Negros Occidental after New People's Army rebels attacked the Silay City airport. [9]
- January 11-14, 2007: SAF units had been present in Cebu during the 12th ASEAN summit in Metro Cebu.
- October 26, 2007: Senior Inspector Fermar Ordiz, a PNP SAF operative was shot and killed by robbers in Cubao, Quezon City during a shootout despite wearing a kevlar vest. [10]
- November 29, 2007: SAF involved in the Manila Peninsula rebellion after several SAF officers had arrested renegade soldiers, including Brigadier General Danilo Lim[11]. Earlier, the SAF had been summoned in to barricade The Peninsula Manila. [12]
- Various anti-insurgent operations against the NPA.
- Various anti-terrorist operations against the Abu Sayyaf.
[edit] Support
The SAF could call on the support of the PNP and its own Air Unit as its method of transportation via helicopter, as done under General Order 0405 [2], or via vehicles such as the M998 Humvee, mounted with a Browning M2 machine gun on top, modified Ford F-150s, and the V-150 Commando APC as a form of armed support. Land Rover Defender jeeps are also used by the SAF, modified to house a Browning M2 machine gun and a Vektor SS-77 machine gun on the passenger seat for the former. Various helicopters in service with the SAF's Air Unit are tasked with various duties, from transportation to surveillance and reconnaissance.
New armored vehicles similar to those used by banks were introduced to the SAF as a primary means of armored transportation in urban areas, and some models are used as mobile command posts.
[edit] Commanders
| Name | Rank | Term |
|---|---|---|
| Reynaldo Velasco | Lieutenant Colonel | May 16, 1983 - February 13, 1987 |
| Avelino I. Razon | Major | February 14, 1987 - August 1, 1989 |
| Hermogenes E. Ebdane Jr. | Police Chief Superintendent | August 2, 1989 - February 11, 1991 |
| Enrique T. Bulan | Police Chief Superintendent | February 12, 1991 - March 8, 1992 |
| Dictador L. Alqueza | Police Chief Superintendent | March 8, 1992 - June 5, 1992 |
| Recaredo A. Sarmiento III | Police Chief Superintendent | June 6, 1992 - August 2, 1994 |
| Edgar B. Aglipay | Police Chief Superintendent | August 2, 1994 - June 6, 1996 |
| Marcelo E. Navarro Jr. | Police Chief Superintendent | June 16, 1996 - August 23, 1998 |
| Jose O. Dalumpines | Police Chief Superintendent | August 14, 1998 - February 14, 2001 |
| Rogelio B. Bathan | Police Chief Superintendent | February 14, 2001 - September 13, 2002 |
| Servando M. Hizon | Police Chief Superintendent | September 14, 2002 - December 27, 2003 |
| Silverio D. Alarcio Jr. | Police Chief Superintendent | December 27, 2003 - September 8, 2004 |
| Marcelino F. Franco Jr. | Police Chief Superintendent | September 9, 2004 - February 26, 2006 |
| Silverio D. Alarcio Jr. | Police Chief Superintendent | February 26, 2006 - Present |
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Philippine SF Overview. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ a b c Performance Highlights. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ a b About Special Action Force. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ PNP SAF Annual Report. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ Police arrest 9 bank robbery suspects. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ At least 23 die in Manila jail raid. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ Camp Bagong Diwa Likened to Auswichtz. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ Police, Muslims to thwart Sayyaf reprisals. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ Elite military, police units to go after NPA in airport raid. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
- ^ Police officer, 4 robbers killed in QC shootout. Retrieved on October 26, 2007.
- ^ Brig Gen. Danilo Lim arrested. Retrieved on November 30, 2007.
- ^ (Update) National Police in full alert. Retrieved on November 30, 2007.
