SMART Recovery
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SMART Recovery (Self Management and Recovery Training) is an international non-profit organization which provides assistance to individuals seeking abstinence from addictive behaviors. The approach used is secular and science-based using non-confrontational motivational, behavioral and cognitive methods.[1] Substance/activity dependence is viewed by the organization as a dysfunctional habit (rather than a disease), while allowing that it is possible that certain people have a predisposition towards addictive behavior.[2]
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[edit] Methodology
The program uses principles found in Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET), [3] and techniques taken from Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), particularly in the version called Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), as well as scientifically validated research on treatment.[4]
The organization's program emphasizes four areas (called the Four Points) in the process of Recovery: Building Motivation, Coping with Urges, Problem Solving, and Lifestyle Balance.[5] The "SMART Toolbox" is a collection of various MET, CBT and REBT methods (or "tools") which address the Four Points.[6]
The program does not use the twelve-steps which make up the basis of the various "Anonymous" self-help groups (e.g. AA, NA, etc.) and is generally listed as an "Alternative to AA" or an "Alternative to the Twelve-Steps."[7][8][9] Though listed as an "alternative" more than half of those attending meetings report using it as a supplement to their 12-Step Fellowship involvement and so it is noted to be a "supplement" as well in SMART Recovery's main program publication, The SMART Recovery Handbook.[10]
[edit] History and Organization
Incorporated in 1992 as the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Self-Help Network (ADASHN), the organization began operating under the SMART Recovery name in 1994.[11][12]
General operations are overseen by a volunteer Board of Directors[13] with review from an International Advisory Council of experts.[14] Local groups are run by volunteers known as "Facilitators" with the assistance of volunteer recovery professionals called "Volunteer Advisors." A central office is currently maintained in Mentor, Ohio
[edit] Meetings
The meetings are free for all wishing to attend, and are intended to be informational as well as supportive.[15] Approximately 365 weekly group meetings led by volunteer facilitators are held worldwide[16]. In addition, the organization provides online resources and support to the volunteers and those attending the groups and one or more daily online meetings.[17]
Meetings are also held in correctional facilities in many states including: Arizona, California, Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.[18]
[edit] Recognition
SMART is recognized by the American Academy of Family Physicians,[19] as well as the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)[20] and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).[21] NIDA and NIAAA are agencies of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "Religiosity and Participation in Self-Help Groups", The Walsh Group, 2007-10-17. Retrieved on 2007-12-11.
- ^ Horvath, AT (October 2000). "Smart Recovery: Addiction Recovery Support from a Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective". Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 18 (3): 181–191. doi:.
- ^ Miller, W.R. (1995), “Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals With Alcohol Abuse and Dependence.”, Project MATCH Monograph Series, National Institute of Health
- ^ Hester & Miller (2002). Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Effective Alternatives. University of Michigan: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0205360645.
- ^ Shaw, BR; et al (2005). Addiction & Recovery for Dummies. Wiley Publishing, 176-177. ISBN 0764576259.
- ^ Brooks, A.J.; Penn, P. E. (2003). "Comparing treatments for dual diagnosis: Twelve-Step and Self Management and Recovery Training". American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 29 (2): 359–383. doi:.
- ^ Miller, W. R.; Kurtz, E. (1994). "Models of alcoholism used in treatment: Contrasting A.A. and other perspectives with which it is often confused". Journal of Studies on Alcohol 55: 159–166.
- ^ Volpicelli, Joseph; Maia Szalavitz (2000). Recovery Options: The Complete Guide. Wiley Publishing, 149-151. ISBN 047134575X.
- ^ "SMART Alternative Self-Help Groups Tackle Substance Abuse", Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
- ^ Steinberger, H. (2004). SMART Recovery Handbook. Mentor Ohio: Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network,Inc., Section 1/Page4. ISBN 0-615-13135-2.
- ^ Lemanski, Michael J. (2000). Addiction Alternatives for Recovery. The Humanist. University of Michigan Health System. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
- ^ Humphreys, Keith (2003). Circles of Recovery: Self-help Organizations for Addictions. Cambridge University Press, 82-86. ISBN 0521792770.
- ^ Board of Directors 2007. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
- ^ International Advisory Council 2007. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
- ^ Shaw, BR; et al (2005). Addiction & Recovery for Dummies. Wiley Publishing, 176-177. ISBN 0764576259.
- ^ Source SMART Central office. This includes international groups in 7 countries.. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
- ^ Online Meeting Schedule. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
- ^ Source - SMART Central Office. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
- ^ "Substance Abuse--How To Recognize It" (2003-04-01). American Family Physician 67 (7).
- ^ "Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide", National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
- ^ Alcohol and Drug Information. US Dept of Health and Human Services. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
[edit] Further Reading
- Brown JM. (1998) Self-Regulation and the Addictive Behaviors. in Treating Addictive Behaviors, 2nd ed. Miller WR & Heather N. eds. Plenum Press, NY. ISBN 0306458527
- Ellis A. & Velten E. (1992) Rational Steps To Quitting Alcohol: When AA Doesn't Work For You. Barricade Books, NY. ISBN 0942637534
- Gerstein J. (1998) Rational Recovery, SMART Recovery and non-twelve step recovery programs. In Principles Of Addiction Medicine, 2nd ed. American Society of Addiction Medicine, Chevy Chase ISBN 1880425084
- Mattson ME. (1998) Finding the Right Approach. in Miller WR & Heather N. Treating Addictive Behaviors. 2nd ed. Plenum Press, NY. ISBN 0306458527
- Myers PL. (2002) Beware of the Man of One Book: Processing Ideology in Addictions Education. J of Teaching in the Addictions. pp 1:69-90
- Vuchinich RE & Tucker JA. (1998) Choice, Behavioral Economics, and Addictive Behavior Patterns. in Treating Addictive Behaviors ISBN 0306458527
- Whittinghill D., et al. The benefits of a self-efficacy approach to substance abuse counseling in the era of managed care. J Addictions & Offender Counseling. 2000; 20:64-74
