Shore Temple
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The Shore Temple (700-728 CE) is so named because it over looks the Bay of Bengal. It is a structural temple, built with blocks of granite, dating from the 8th century AD. It was build on a promontory sticking out into the Bay of Bengal at Mamallapuram, a tiny village south of Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The village was a busy port during the 7th and 8th century reign of the Pallava dynasty during the reign of Narasimhavarman II.[1]
The site is famous for the rock-cut caves and the sculptured rock that line a granite hill, including one depicting Arjuna's Penance as well as for other temples in the area. It has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[2] It is one of the oldest structural (versus rock-cut) stone temples of South India.[1]
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[edit] Architecture
The Shore Temple is a five-storeyed structural Hindu temple rather than rock-cut and monolithic as are the other monuments at the site. It is the earliest important structural temple in Southern India. Its pyramidal structure is 60 ft high and sits on a 50 ft square platform. There is a small temple in front which was the original porch.[3][4] It is made out of finely cut local granite.[5]
Recent excavations have revealed new structures here under the sand.[6][4]
[edit] Shrines
The temple is a combination of three shrines. The main shrine is dedicated to Shiva as is the smaller second shrine. A small third shrine, between the two, is dedicated to a reclining Vishnu and may have had water channeled into the temple, entering the Vishnu shrine. The two Shiva shrines are orthogonal in configuration. The entrance is through a transverse barrel vault gopuram. The two shikharas have a pyramidal outline, each individual tier is distinct with overhanging eaves that cast dark shadows.[1] The outer wall of the shrine to Vishnu and the inner side of the boundary wall are extensively sculptured and topped by large sculptures of Nandi.[3] The temple's outer walls are divided by plasters into bays, the lower part being carved into a series of rearing lions.[7]
[edit] Deities
The temple has a garbhagriha in which the deity, Sivalinga, is enshrined, and a small mandapa surrounded by a heavy outer wall with little space between for circumambulation. At the rear are two shrines facing opposite directions. The inner shrine dedicated to Ksatriyasimnesvara is reached through a passage while the other, dedicated to Vishnu, faces the outside. The Durga is seated on her lion vahana. A small shrine may have been in the cavity in the lion's chest.[4]
[edit] Significance
The Shore Temples configuration of the two Shiva shrines with the small Vishu shrine in between illustrates an attempt to balance the different, competing religious requirements.[1]
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d Ching et al, Francis D.K. (2007). A Global History of Architecture. New York: John Wiley and Sons, p. 274. ISBN 0-471-82451-3.
- ^ Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram. World Heritage. Retrieved on 2007-02-08.
- ^ a b Shore Temple. Retrieved on 2007-02-08.
- ^ a b c Shore Temple. Retrieved on 2007-02-08.
- ^ Thapar, Binda (2004). Introduction to Indian Architecture. Singapore: Periplus Editions, p 51. ISBN 0794600115.
- ^ The Shore Temple stands its ground. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-02-08.
- ^ Michael, George (1988). The Hindu Temple. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago, pp 134-135. ISBN 0226532305.
[edit] External links
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