Second Kamchatka expedition

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Illustration from Stepan Krasheninnikov's Account of the Land of Kamchatka (1755)

The Second Kamchatka expedition (Russian: Вторая Камчатская экспедиция) was led by Dane Vitus Bering after being chosen by Peter I to lead the first Kamchatka expedition. The second expedition lasted roughly from 1733-1743. The goal of the expedition was to find and map the eastern reaches of Siberia, and to hopefully continue onto the western shores of North America to map them, as well.

Bering commanded one of the ships, the St. Peter, while another ship, the St. Paul (built in Okhotsk for this expedition) was commanded by his deputy Aleksey Chirikov.

In 1740, Vitus Bering reached Avacha Bay and laid the foundation stone for the Kamchatkan port of Petropavlovsk, which is named after his two ships, the St. Peter and the St. Paul.

[edit] European discovery of Alaska

In June 1741, the St. Peter and the St.Paul set sail from Petropavlovsk. Six days later they lost sight of each other in a thick fog, but both vessels continued to sail east.

On July 15, Chirikov sighted land, probably the west side of Prince of Wales Island in Southeast Alaska.^[1] He sent a group of men ashore in a long boat, making them the first Europeans to land on the northwestern coast of North America. When the first group failed to return, he sent a second, which also vanished. Chirikov weighed anchor and moved on.

Bering's first encounter with Aleuts at Shumagin Island. Drawing by Sven Waxell, the mate of Bering's ship St. Peter.

On roughly July 16, 1741, Bering and the crew of St. Peter sighted a towering peak on the Alaska mainland, Mount Saint Elias. Bering was anxious to return to Russia and turned westward. He later anchored his vessel off Kayak Island while crew members went ashore to explore and find water. Georg Wilhelm Steller, the ship's naturalist, hiked along the island and took notes on the plants and wildlife. He also first recorded the Steller's Jay that bears his name.

Chirikov and the St. Paul headed back to Russia in October with news of the land they had found.

Bering's ship was battered by storms, and in November his ship was wrecked on the shore of Bering Island, which many of the crew thought to be the coast of Kamchatka. Bering fell ill with scurvy and died on December 8, 1741; soon after, the St. Peter was dashed to pieces by high winds. The stranded crew wintered on the island, and 28 crew members died. When weather improved, the 46 survivors built a 40 foot (12 m) boat from the wreckage and set sail for Petropavlovsk in August 1742. Bering's crew reached the shore of Kamchatka in 1742, carrying word of the expedition. The sea otter pelts they brought, soon judged to be the finest fur in the world, would spark Russian settlement in Alaska.

[edit] References

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Second Kamchatka Expedition