Scout Association of Japan
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This article or section should be translated (or additional material should be added from material at ja:ボーイスカウト#沿革). Please translate this. |
| ボーイスカウト日本連盟 | |
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 Scout Association of Japan |
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| Organizational data | |
| Headquarters | Mitaka-shi, Tokyo |
| Country | Japan |
| Founded | 1913 |
| Membership | 165,000 |
 Scouting portal |
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The Scout Association of Japan (ボーイスカウト日本連盟 Bōi Sukauto Nippon Renmei?) is the major Scouting organization of Japan. Starting as boys only, the organization was known as the Boy Scouts of Japan from 1922 until 1971, and as Boy Scouts of Nippon from 1971 to 1995, when it became coeducational in all sections, leading to neutral naming. Scouting activity endured a heavy setback during World War II, but slowly recovered, and membership in 2001 was 165,544.
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[edit] History
[edit] Early years
Scouting was introduced to Japan in the autumn of 1909 by a Japanese teacher, possibly Akizuki Satsuo, who had visited England in 1908. He organized a Boy Scout troop at his school, but this dissolved when he left the school. A Japanese translation of Scouting for Boys was published as early as 1910, and troops sprang up. In 1911, General Maresuke Nogi went to England in attendance on Prince Yorihito Higashifushimi for the coronation of King George V. The general, also know as the "Defender of Port Arthur" was introduced to general Robert Baden-Powell, the "Defender of Mafeking."
A Scout troop in Yokohama welcomed Baden-Powell during his visit on April 16, 1912. The troop consisted of British boys and was lead by a British Scouter, a merchant named Griffin. During this period homegrown Japanese troops were developed and existed alongside expatriate troops in Kobe and Osaka. The "National Scout Association of Japan" was founded in 1913, and at the time of the coronation of the Taisho Emperor in 1914, Scouts were organized in Tokyo, Shizuoka, Kyoto and Hokkaidō. In 1920 three delegates attended the 1st World Scout Jamboree at Olympia, London, and Crown Prince Hirohito, later Emperor, visited Great Britain, experienced Scouting first hand and expressed the hope that Scouting would develop fully in Japan and join the world movement. Japan was a founding member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922, and the organization was reformed as the Boy Scouts of Japan in April 1922 by Count Futara Yoshinori and Viscount Mishima Michiharu, who later served as Chief Scout of Japan.
The 1923 Great Kanto earthquake brought the work of the Scouts of Tokyo and Kobe to the notice of the general public. Count Gotō Shimpei, a doctor and a statesman, was made the first Chief Scout of Japan and tasked with the rebuilding. As Minister of Railways, Count Gotō travelled around the country, and was able to promote Scouting in his spare time. In 1924 Japan fielded a full contingent of 25 to the 2nd World Scout Jamboree in Denmark under Rear Admiral Count Sano Tsuneha, during which Count Sano attended a Wood Badge course at Gilwell Park. Count Sano returned to Japan and created Japan's own training course, called Jisshu-sho, for both Cub and Scout leaders, which is still used to this day, after completion of two preliminary courses, Koshu-kai and Kenshu-kai.
Count Futara Yoshinori was the first Japanese member of the World Scout Committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1931 until 1939.
In February 1937, Isamu Takeshita was appointed head of the Boy Scouts of Japan, the Sea Scouts, and the YMCA, as part of the general militarization of Japanese sports and athletics taking place at that time.[1]
[edit] World War II and aftermath
Scouting in Japan suffered almost complete eclipse in World War II, and took time to recover. Occupation authorities had blacklisted the ex-military officers, disregarding age or sympathies. This held Count Sano and others back from their sincere desire to restore Boy Scouts of Japan to its former correct basis. Gradually, military supervision was relaxed and the original group began to take over, with beneficial results.
The occupation period was difficult on Scouting, just as it was on Japanese daily life. The participant patch (usually embroidered or woven) for the first National Scout Rally was printed on paper, because of the financial situation of that time. Period pieces of Scouting memorabilia from that time are rare and highly prized. Japan was re-admitted as a full member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1950, remarkable and unique in the history of nations in which Scouting has been interrupted. Within ten years of World War II, Scout membership had grown to 80,000. In 1957 the first Wood Badge course by that name was held in Japan. In 1959 Japan held the Second Nippon Jamboree, shortly after the conclusion of the 10th World Scout Jamboree in the Philippines.
[edit] Modern name and current years
In 1961, Viscount Michiharu Mishima was awarded the Bronze Wolf, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. Other recipients from the Scout Association of Japan include Hidesaburo Kurushima, chairman of the national board and international commissioner, in 1967, Taizo Ishizaka in 1971, Saburo Matsukata in 1972, Shintaro Negishi in 1975, Akira Watanabe in 1977, Yorihiro Matsudaira in 1981, August S. Narumi in 1984, and Ichiro Terao in 1985.
After the 13th World Scout Jamboree in 1971, there was discussion about the national association's name. The word "Japan" is not Japanese, rather based on a southern Chinese dialect (which Marco Polo heard as "Zippang", eventually becoming "Japan" in English). The Japanese corrected the association's name to match their own language expression, as "Boy Scouts of Nippon" in 1971.
In 1995, Japanese Scouting became coeducational, and at that point, to use "Boy Scout" would strictly be incorrect. Further it was decided that the proper national name "Nippon" was not well known worldwide. Japanese Scouting once again changed its national association's name in English to the "Scout Association of Japan". However, there is contradiction in the original charter, that Boy Scouts of Japan (or Nippon) is still used in the writing of the Japanese language Scout Constitution. Therefore, it was decided that the official name is to be in the Japanese language, and the English expression is for the convenience and benefit of overseas Scouts to connect with Japanese Scouting.
Scouting in Japan has grown steadily and established an eminent place for itself in social education for young people. The aim of the Scout Association of Japan is to help young people become responsible humanitarian citizens, who can appreciate and practice loyalty, courage and self-respect in an international perspective. With the support of volunteer leaders, the Scout movement in Japan provides fun filled, challenging programs, with an emphasis on developing each boy's character, health, abilities and sense of service to others.
The Scout Association of Japan is a non-political, voluntary movement, with open subscription. The geographic structure of Japanese Scouting is the Council, generally conforming to prefecture boundaries. Japanese Scouting also exists abroad, in communities with large native Japanese populations, such as Amsterdam, Netherlands and Singapore.
[edit] Chief Scouts of Japan
- Shimoda Toyomatsu, first Chief Scout, in 1920
- Gotō Shimpei, first (?) Chief Scout, in 1924
- Mishima Michiharu, in 1952
[edit] Scouting programs, motto and law
The Scout Motto is Sonae-yo Tsuneni (Japanese: そなえよつねに), translating as Be Prepared in Japanese.
The Scout emblem incorporates the national chrysanthemum.
The Japanese Scout uniform consists of a brown vest, brown pants with light blue pocket, and light blue cap for Beaver Scouts; a blue shirt, pants, and cap for Cub Scouts; khaki with green line edge shirt and pants, and a green beret for Boy Scouts; and a khaki shirt and pants, and green beret for Venture, Rover, and adult Scouts.
The program sections are:
- Beaver Scouts (Japanese: ビーバースカウト), age 6 to 8
- Cub Scouts (Japanese: カブスカウト), age 8 to 11
- Boy Scouts (Japanese: ボーイスカウト), age 11 to 14
- Venture Scouts (Japanese: ベンチャースカウト), age 14 to 20
- Rover Scouts (Japanese: ローバースカウト), age 18 to 24
The Scout Oath:
Japanese: 私は、名誉にかけて、次の3条の実行をちかいます。
1.神（仏）と国とに誠を尽くしおきてを守ります。
1.いつも、他の人々をたすけます。
1.からだを強くし、心をすこやかに、徳を養います。
(translated) "On my honor, I promise to do my best, to do my duty to god/Buddha and the country, And to obey the Scout laws, to help other people at all times and to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake and morally straight."
The Scout Law:
- A Scout is faithful. (Japanese: スカウトは誠実である。)
- A Scout is friendly. (Japanese: スカウトは友情にあつい。)
- A Scout is courteous. (Japanese: スカウトは礼儀正しい。)
- A Scout is kind. (Japanese: スカウトは親切である。)
- A Scout is cheerful. (Japanese: スカウトは快活である。)
- A Scout is thrifty. (Japanese: スカウトは質素である。)
- A Scout is courageous. (Japanese: スカウトは勇敢である。)
- A Scout is thankful. (Japanese: スカウトは感謝の心をもつ。)
The highest rank of the Boy Scouts is the Kiku Scout (Japanese: 菊スカウト). "Kiku" is the Japanese word for chrysanthemum.
The highest rank of the Venture Scouts is the Fuji Scout (Japanese: 富士スカウト). It is named after Mount Fuji.
[edit] Notable Scouts
- Ryutaro Hashimoto, the 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan
- Yukio Hattori, the fifth president of the Hattori Nutrition College, commentator on the Japanese cooking competition program Iron Chef
- Soichi Noguchi, Japanese astronaut
- Makoto Raiku, mangaka (Zatch Bell!)
[edit] Gallery
 Membership badge of the Boy Scouts of Nippon |
 Fuji Scout, highest rank of the Venture Scouts |
 Neckerchief slide of the Boy Scouts of Nippon |
 14th Nippon Jamboree |
[edit] International Scouting
The Scout Association of Japan hosted the 13th World Scout Jamboree on the Asagiri Plateau, Shizuoka Prefecture, in 1971, and the nearly simultaneous 23rd World Scout Conference. Since, it hosted numerous other international activities, including the Asia Pacific Top Leaders Summit in 1997, the Asia-Pacific Multi-Purpose Workshop in 2000, and the 23rd Asia-Pacific/13th Nippon Jamboree in 2002.
There are two organizations focused on serving children of American military families living in Japan and elsewhere in Asia, namely the USA Girl Scouts Overseas, serviced by the West Pacific Girl Scout Council and the Boy Scouts of America, serviced by the Japan District and Great Okinawa District of the Far East Council at Camp Zama. These councils serve BSA and GSUSA units of children of diplomatic, business and military personnel, and international units run under their auspices.
Scouts in Chiba, Japan have an international relationship with Boy Scouts in Houston, Texas.[citation needed]
[edit] See also
- Kurushima Takehiko
- Koshiba Hiroshi
- Hōjō Tokiyuki
- Isamu Takeshita
- Girl Scouts of Japan
- Baden-Powell Scouts Association-Japan
- World Buddhist Scout Brotherhood
[edit] References
- ^ Abe, Ikuo, Kiyohara,Yasuharu, and Nakajima, Ken. "Sport and physical education under fascistization in Japan," Bulletin of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 13, 1990, pp. 25-46.[1]
- Information by Junji Tomizawa, president of the Scouting Memorabilia Club of Japan
- Scouting 'Round the World, J. S. Wilson, first edition, Blandford Press 1959
- Facts on World Scouting, Boy Scouts International Bureau, Ottawa, Canada, 1961
[edit] External links
- Official website of Scout Association of Japan, in Japanese
- Official website of Scout Association of Japan, in English
- Official website of Girl Scouting in Japan
- Youth-Channel, in Japanese language
- http://groups.yahoo.com/group/venturinglist/message/16919
- http://www.freewebs.com/sajbsa2006/index.htm
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