Satsvarupa dasa Goswami

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Satsvarupa dasa Goswami

(photo 2005) Satsvarupa Maharaja Disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Religion	Gaudiya Vaishnavism
Senior posting
Based in	USA
Title	sannyasi
Period in office	1972 - current
Religious career
Post	BTG Editor in Chief 1975-1991 GBC Secretary 1970-1987 GBC Emeritus since 1999 disciple since 1966
Website	SDG Online
Personal
Date of birth	1939
Place of birth	New York

Satsvarupa dasa Goswami (IAST Satsvarūpa dāsa Gosvāmī)^[1], is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, who founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), better known in the west as the Hare Krishna movement. Serving as a writer, poet,^[2] and artist^[3], Satsvarupa dasa Goswami is the author of Prabhupada's authorized ^[4]biography^[5]Srila Prabhupada-lilamrta.^[6] After Prabhupada's departure, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was one of eleven disciples selected to become an initiating guru.^[7]

Prof. Larry Shinn in his overview of the contemporary state of the Prabhupada's movement confirms this while relating his first meeting with Satsvarupa dasa Goswami:

Thing that caused me to correct my initial prejudices about the Krishnas was that those who joined the movement came through several modes of conversion and from many different backgrounds. Satsvarupa dasa Goswami, who later was appointed as one of Prabhupada's guru successors, was one of the earliest devotees I met. He was in his late twenties when I met him in New York City. He had discovered the Krishnas as a result of a spiritual quest which was satisfied within this Indian tradition.

– L.Shinn, The Maturation of the Hare Krishnas in America, 1994 ^[7]

Satsvarupa dasa Goswami (Sanskrit name pronounced /ˈðatðʋɑˌʀʉ:pa̤ dæ:s ɡɔʃʍæ:ɱɨ/) is one of the first few westerners ordained by Bhaktivedanta Swami in September 1966. ^[8][9] He has been since established as a most prolific Vaisnava writer and poet. While traveling, lecturing on Krishna consciousness, and instructing disciples worldwide,^[10] he has published over 150 books including poems, memoirs, essays, novels, and studies based on the Vaishnava scriptures. In the recent years his devotional life has evolved to include the creation of hundreds of paintings, drawings, and sculptures that lovingly capture and express the artist's absorption in the culture of Krishna consciousness.^[11]

Contents 1 Early years 2 Literary contribution 2.1 Biographies 2.2 Scriptural writings 2.3 Academic presentation 2.4 Personal writings 2.5 Art and poetry 3 Other services within ISKCON 4 Brief history in ISKCON 4.1 Early days 4.2 Preaching and traveling 4.3 Managing BTG 4.4 Dealing with early zonal acarya days 4.5 Guru reform 4.6 Vrindavana Bhajan 4.7 European Preaching and Bhajan 4.8 Personal difficulties 4.9 California and Central Mexico 4.10 Preaching in the United States 5 Select bibliography 6 Notes 7 References 8 See also

[edit] Early years

Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was born the eldest of two children to a Roman Catholic parents in New York, Staten Island. He was educated initially in public high school nearby and then managed to enroll in Brooklyn College, where, as he recalls, he underwent an intellectual revolution putting in question his Catholic values.^[12]

As soon as I went to college I underwent an intellectual revolution. Any religious sentiments I had gained from my mother were driven away by my college professors, who were dyed-in-the-wool Marxist intellectuals, Americans from the 1930s. They taught me their intellectual and atheistic views, and knocked aside my religious worship, saying it was sentimental. One of them said theology could never satisfactorily explain why evil was present in the world. I was attracted to their philosophy because my parents were not intellectual and had never aroused my intellectual capacity. But my professors opened up a whole new world for me. I became eager to study philosophy and literature. I came to see for myself that the church was hypocritical: in the foyer of our church the priests regularly raffled bottles of liquor (they called them “baskets of joy”). I became dissatisfied with the Catholic Church because it could not provide answers to my questions.

– SDG, With Śrīla Prabhupāda in the Early Days, 1966-1969: A Memoir, Introduction^[12]

In January 1962 he joined the Navy, where he served for two years on board U.S.S. Saratoga, a super-carrier. Author writes in his introduction to With Śrīla Prabhupāda in the Early Days, 1966-1969: "A few months after the death of President Kennedy, I was honorably discharged, and without visiting my parents on Staten Island, I went directly to the Lower East Side. By then, the Lower East Side was, in my mind and in the minds of my friends, the most mystical place in the world."^[12] "I certainly didn’t think some guru was suddenly going to appear and save me. I was too cynical. Yet I was regularly reading versions of the Bhagavad-gītā and the Upaniṣads. Ironically, one week before the gift shop at 26 Second Avenue changed into Śrīla Prabhupāda’s temple, I was standing in that very doorway with a Bhagavad-gītā in my back pocket, waiting to meet a friend. Somehow we had chosen 26 Second Avenue as a meeting place. At that time, I had no idea what was about to happen."^[12]

In July 1966 he met and accepted spiritual instruction from A.C.Bhaktivedanta who registered ISKCON a month later. In September 1966 he was ordained and shortly became one of the leading figures of the expanding Gaudiya Vaishnava movement. ^{[13] [14]}

[edit] Literary contribution

The Chaitanya Vaisnava Sampradaya is also called the "Sampradaya of the Book".^[15] The writing is done following the line of teachers. This quality of the tradition is also confirmed by Srivatsa Goswami who also underlines that genuine intellectuals are often suppressed, but should follow the path of the Six Goswamis^[16]: "Many other Vaisnava teachers, after them, wrote many hundreds of other treatises as well. It is not the work of fanatic sentimentalists". Satsvarupa dasa Goswami's writing^[17] represents a unique contemporary variety from commentaries on scriptures to a free flowing poetry and prose.^[18] His writings were translated in over forty languages by Bhaktivedanta Book Trust and Gita Nagari Press. He was also requested by Bhaktivedanta Book Trust to complete a number of works^[7] Introduction by publishers.</ref>, started by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.^[19]

[edit] Biographies

Probably most widely read and translated of all his books is Srila Prabhupada-Lilamrta.^[20] It’s a biography of the founder of the Hare Krishna movement in the West, depicting him through different stages of his life.^[21] Written with a help of a large research team for over six years Srila Prabhupada-lilamrta is based on material given by interviewers and researchers and is based on a system of ascertaining whether a Prabhupada story is authentic. By researching tape recordings of Srila Prabhupada author provided accurate quotes of his statements wherever possible.^[22], Author would always look for several reliable witnesses, in addition to the one who is recalling a particular event. This is done by the interviewer bringing up the same incident in numerous interviews. In fact, the phenomenon of interviewing a devotee of Srila Prabhupada was itself a remarkable testimony in gauging the authenticity of remembrances of Srila Prabhupada.^[23]

In striking contrast to doldrums Edvard Dimock reported in 1966 the volumes remind us that religious tradition can harbor a deceptive vitality and have a remarkable capacity for renewal and regeneration. ..Srila Prabhupada lilamrita clearly follows Caitanya Caritamrita and concentrated on the "nectar of his life" (i.e. caritamrta). This is completely valid in the case of a saint who has conveyed his spiritual and theological message directly to his life.

– Srivatsa Goswami, Journal of Asian Studies, 1983^[24]

Other biographical works are almost equally popular among Prabhupadas followers, they include among others 'He Lives Forever', 'Life with the Perfect Master' and five volumes of 'Prabhupada Nectar'.^[23]

What springs from page after page is the willing devotion of young men and women to a man whom they admire for his deep faith and humility, not his autocratic or forceful demands.

– Larry Shinn, about Lilarmita^[25]

[edit] Scriptural writings

Books included in this category include titles published by Bhaktivedanta Book Trust such as Narada Bhakti Sutra^[26] and Mukunda Mala Strotra,^[27] both unfinished works of his preceptor, as well as the multi volume A Poor Man Reads the Bhagavatam – elaboration on the Bhaktivedanta Purports of Bhagavata Purana.

[edit] Academic presentation

First book published in 1975 during Prabhupada's lifetime was Readings in Vedic Literature: the Tradition Speaks for Itself.^[28] Prabhupada was greatly appreciative of the review of the book by the academic circles. Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was supportive of the foundation of ISKCON Oxford Centre of Vaisnava and Hindu Studies and some of his works were published in ICJ^[29] and reviewed by the academia in ICJ academic journal.^{[30] [31]} Despite initial anti-cult controversies, the Hare Krishna movement today is accepted by the academics as "the most genuinely Hindu of all the many Indian movements in the West".^[32]

[edit] Personal writings

Number of his books are considered pioneering or even avant-garde in the Vaishnava tradition often employing techniques of free-writing, which are often misunderstood.^[33] Diaries and the letters collection from Prabhupada are spanning from the very beginning of the movement in 1966 in the West and provide a valuable subjective but an accurate detailed account of the ISKCON movement from the very first years to present days. Satsvarupa dasa Goswami honestly and transparently published his diary records of his own difficulties and struggles in his personal spiritual evolution. Entering the Life of Prayer deserves a special mention.^[34]

[edit] Art and poetry

Number of poetical works were published in modern American idiom. He was also published in prominent Haiku magazines, the poetry dedicated to Srila Prabhupada glorification received positive reviews. His paintings and sculpture have also been reviewed by the Washington Times.^[35]

[edit] Other services within ISKCON

Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was a pioneer in the early days of the movement, and is the senior most member of the movement at present. He was appointed as a guru by his perceptor.^[14] Satvarupa was also one of the original members appointed as (GBC) Governing Body Commission created by Prabhupada in 1970 to gradually take on the responsibility of the spiritual management duties in ISKCON. Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was selected a trusty in the will of A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada for the management of ISKCON.^[36]

[edit] Brief history in ISKCON

[edit] Early days

Since ISKCON incorporation in July 1966 at 26 Second Avenue Satsvarupa dasa was engaged as Prabhupadas personal typist and ISKCON secretary for the first year.^[37] Later he was managing ISKCON Boston and ISKCON Press, that grew to be later registered as Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Upon assuming duties of (GBC) Governing Body Commission in 1970, Satsvarupa was asked by Prabhupada to accept order of sannyasa in 1972, along with other GBC members, all of whom were originally married man, Tamal Krishna Goswami and Hridayananda dasa Goswami. At the time Prabhupada awarded him and other followers the title Goswami with the single line instruction: Preach, preach, preach! ^[38]

[edit] Preaching and traveling

Main preaching activities by means of traveling sankirtana parties were centered in United States. BBT Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Library Party headed by Satsvarupa dasa Goswami in mid 1970s was active in establishing distribution network mainly to the Universities of the United States, with some members of the team such as Bhakti Tirtha Swami^[39] and Suhotra Dasa traveling as far as Eastern Europe.

In 1974 Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was requested by Prabhupada to join him as traveling GBC servant, replacing pervious servant Srutakirti Dasa. ^[40]

[edit] Managing BTG

From the early days Back to Godhead ^[41] was the project that required a lot of both contribution and supervision.^[42] Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was editor in chief and one of the main contributors to the principle ISKCON magazine till 1991, when assisted editor Jayadvaita Swami took over ^[43] as editor in chief.

[edit] Dealing with early zonal acarya days

In accordance with ISKCON GBC Governing Body Commission resolutions march 1978 Satsvarupa dasa Goswami along with other eleven Governing Body Commissioners assumed duties and services of initiating disciples in assigned zones after the departure of Prabhupada from the planet. (See: Back to Godhead, Notes from the Editor, #1301/02 1978) Initial preaching areas in the United states and Caribbean's, were expanded with an addition of Ireland in 1982 where he became zonal acharya.^[44][45] The assumption of equal status to Srila Prabhupada and a title of acharya is still surrounded in controversy. While following the direction of Governing Body Commission, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was one of the pioneers who attempted to reform this system, by assuming more humble and appropriate role of a guru as per recorded instructions of the founder-acharya.[4]

[edit] Guru reform

Following seven years of controversial zonal acarya system, number of newly appointed GBC members with the support of Satsvarupa dasa Goswami reformed ISKCON guru system, lowering unprecedented level of worship. Satsvarupa dasa Goswami recorded this period in his book Guru Reform Notebook (1987). Throughout the years that followed, up until the end of the century, new ISKCON guru system was formulated based on the initial propositions.[5]

[edit] Vrindavana Bhajan

Satsvarupa dasa Goswami, along with a number of other GBC members, Tamal Krishna Goswami, Giriraj Swami, Sivarama Swami and others were involved in extensive practice of Vrindavana Bhajan under friendly instruction from Gaudiya Vaisnavas outside of ISKCON.[6] In 1994 Satsvarupa dasa Goswami conferred personal resolution to remain under sole shelter of the founder acarya. When unpublished GBC 1987 resolution allowing instruction outside of ISKCON was revoked, all other GBC members remained in ISKCON preserving movement integrity. In 1999 Governing Body Commission confirmed GBC Emeritus status of his membership of the Governing Body of ISKCON.[7][8]

[edit] European Preaching and Bhajan

Extensive traveling in Europe in 1990s included areas of Scandinavia, Eastern, Central Europe and Italy, but mainly centered in preaching in Ireland and UK.^[46] In 1998 due to deteriorating health and with a desire for natural poetic and devotional inspiration, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami retired in the Vaisnava community of Wicklow.[9][10] In following years, his devotional life has included the creation of hundreds of paintings, drawings, and sculptures [11] that capture and express the artist's vision of Krishna consciousness. His latest literary work is centered on his commentary on Bhagavata Purana known as A Poor Man Reads the Bhagavatam.[12]

[edit] Personal difficulties

Satsvarupa dasa Goswami began suffering from headaches resulted from an anxiety disorder in the early 80s. In 2004 he stopped initiating disciples after an intimated affair was uncovered. With GBC consultation, he retained his Goswami title and continued in the sannyas order.^[47] [13] On his website, he requests that the readers accept "this news in a thoughtful, forgiving spirit" [14] Over the years many devotees have taken this opportunity to focus upon their relationship with him and Prabhupada.[15]

[edit] California and Central Mexico

During the period of intensive health and recovery Satsvarupa dasa Goswami, now retired lived with his caretakers team of disciples and friends in a rural communities of North California and Central Mexico. Many disciples traveled to visit him to the communities as well as many ISKCON leaders looking for his advice and reconciliation. He undertook a number of preaching tours, contrary to nursing advice, but to fulfill his sannyasa order instruction given him by Prabhupada at the sannyasi initiation in 1972: Preach, preach, preach! [16]

[edit] Preaching in the United States

Following the period of health recovery, at the age of 68, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami took residence in East Coast United States where he despite being now retired is engaging in a number of preaching activities, such as regular lecturing and traveling to the holy dhamas. All of the associated preaching and traveling is complimenting his main service of commenting and answering disciple’s questions on Bhaktivedanta Purports being published as volumes of A Poor Man Reads the Bhagavatam.[17]

[edit] Select bibliography

(1976) Readings in Vedit Literature: The Tradition Speaks for Itself, 240 pages. ISBN 0912776889.  (1980-82, 2002) Srila Prabhupada Lilamrta Vol 1-2, vol.1 1133 pages vol.2 1191 pages. ISBN 0892133570.  (1982) Japa Reform Notebook. ISBN 0911233393.  (1982-84) Journals and Poems vols. 1-3.  (1983) Prabhupada Lila. ISBN 0911233369.  (1983) Remembering Srila Prabhupada. Vol 1-4. ISBN 091123313X.  (June 1983) Life with the Perfect Master, 111 pages. ISBN 0911233172.  (January 1983) Vaisnava Behavior, 242 pages. ISBN 0911233180.  (1984-1987 (reprint 1991,1997,2003)) Prabhupada Nectar Vol 1-5. ISBN 0-911233-22-9.  (1985) Reading Reform. ISBN 0911233288.  (October 1986) Under the banyan tree, 32 pages. ISBN 0911233350.  (1987) Entering the Life of Prayer. ISBN 0911233970.  (1988-1990) Ista-gosthi vols. 1-3.  (1991-1997 (reprint 2003)) Prabhupada Meditations Vol 1-4. ISBN vary.  (December 1992) Begging for the Nectar of the Holy Name, 340 pages. ISBN 0911233989.  (November 1990) Living with the Scriptures. ISBN 0911233261.  (1997) Memories. ISBN 0911233695.  (1995) Shack Notes: Moments While at a Writing Retreat. ISBN 0911233911.  (1995-2008) A Poor Man Reads the Bhagavatam. Vols.  (1995) Japa Walks, Japa Talks, 106 pages. ISBN 091123358X.  (April 1995) One Hundred Prabhupada Poems, 173 pages. ISBN 0911233598.  (June 1995) Radio Shows, 314 pages. ISBN 0911233601.  (July 1995) Niti-Sastras: Sayings of Canakya and Hitopadesa As Quoted by Srila Prabhupada, 4 pages. ISBN 978-0911233612.

(November 1995) Churning the Milk Ocean,, 606 pages. ISBN 0911233636.  (1995) The Daily News: All Things Fail Without Krsna, 97 pages. ISBN 0911233555.  (June 1995) My Relationship With Lord Krishna, 99 pages. ISBN 0911233571.  (1996) Dear Sky: Letters from a Sannyasi. ISBN 0911233997.  (June 1996) From Copper to Touchstone: Favorite Selections from the Caitanya-Caritamrta. ISBN 0911233660.  (June 1996) Photo Preaching, 101 pages. ISBN 0911233652.  (1996) Gentle power: Collected poems, 1995-1996, 119 pages. ISBN 0911233679.  (1996) The Wild Garden: Writings from 1990-1993, 355 pages. ISBN 0911233547.  (1998) The Qualities of Sri Krsna, 152 pages. ISBN 0911233644.  ((1986 - February 1997)) My Letters from Srila Prabhupada vols 1-3. ISBN 0911233849.  (November 1997) Cc Asraya: A Diary While Attempting to Read Sri Caitanya-Caritamrta,, 200 pages. ISBN 0911233342.  (1997-2003) Every Day, Just Write vols. 1-19. ISBN vary.  (January 1998) Passing Places, Eternal Truths. ISBN 0911233318.  (June 1998) The Waves at Jagannatha Puri and Other Poems, 130 pages. ISBN 978-0911233308.  (November 1999) From Matter to Spirit: Paintings, Poems, and Improvisations. ISBN 0911233393.  (May 1999) From Imperfection, Purity Will Come About. ISBN 0911233520.  (June 2001) Vaisnava Compassion, 170 pages. ISBN 0911233253.  (September 2002) Stowies, 93 pages. ISBN 0911233040.  (October 2006) Write and Die, 325 pages. ISBN 0911233858.  (January 2007) Visitors, 185 pages. ISBN 0911233504.

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Satsvarupa, dasa Goswami (1983), Prabhupāda nectar : anecdotes from the life of His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda, vol. 1, Philadelphia: Gita-nagari Press, ISBN 0-911233-22-9 

• Shinn, Larry (1994), “The Maturation of the Hare Krishnas in America”, ISKCON Communications Journal 2 (1), <http://www.iskcon.com/icj/2_1/shinn.html> 
• Satsvarupa, dasa Goswami (April 1995), One Hundred Prabhupada Poems, ISBN 0911233598 

• Satsvarupa, dasa Goswami (1984), Srila Prabhupada Nectar, Vol 2, Philadelphia: GN Press, Inc, ISBN 0-911233-23-7 

• Rosen, Steven J. (1992), Vaisnavism: Contemporary Scholars Discuss the Gaudiya Tradition, New York: Folk Books, ISBN 0-9619763-6-5 

• Satsvarupa, dasa Goswami (1987), Entering the Life of Prayer, PA: GN Press, Inc, ISBN 0-911233-97-0 

• Klostermaier, Klaus (1998), A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, ISBN 1-85168-175-2 

• Sharma, Arvind (1996), Hinduism for Our Times, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-195-63749-6 

• Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2000), Hinduism: A Short History, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, ISBN 1-85168-213-9 

[edit] See also

• Gaudiya Vaishnavism
• Bhaktivedanta Book Trust
• List of Hindu gurus and saints

Notable Disciples

• Pragosh Das GBC
• Shaunaka Rishi Das Director Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies
• Hridaya Caitanya Das GBC
• Yadunandana Das Principal Bhaktivedanta College

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Persondata
NAME	Satsvarupa dasa Goswami
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Satsvarupa das Goswami, SDG
SHORT DESCRIPTION	American poet and writer, guru in ISKCON
DATE OF BIRTH	09 December 1939
PLACE OF BIRTH	New York, USA
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH