Salyut 3
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| Salyut 3 (OPS-2) | ||
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| Almaz station with Soyuz | ||
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| Station statistics | ||
| Call sign: | Salyut 3 | |
| Crew: | 3 | |
| Launch: | June 25, 1974 04:15:00 UTC |
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| Launch pad: | Baikonur Cosmodrome, USSR | |
| Reentry: | January 24, 1975 | |
| Mass: | 18,500 kg | |
| Length: | 14.55 m | |
| Width: | 4.15 m | |
| Living volume: | 90 m³ | |
| Perigee: | 136 mi (219 km) | |
| Apogee: | 168 mi (270 km) | |
| Orbit inclination: | 51.6 degrees | |
| Orbital period: | 89.1 minutes | |
| Days in orbit: | 213 days | |
| Days occupied: | 15 days | |
| Number of orbits: | 3,442 | |
| Distance travelled: | ~86,763,251 mi (~139,631,918 km) |
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| Statistics as of de-orbit and reentry. | ||
| Configuration | ||
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| Salyut 3 diagram | ||
| Salyut 3 (OPS-2) | ||
Salyut 3 (OPS-2) (Russian: Салют-3; English translation: Salute 3) was launched on June 25, 1974. It was another Almaz military space station, this one launched successfully, included in the Salyut program to disguise its true purpose.
It attained an altitude of 219 to 270 km on launch and its final orbital altitude was 268 to 272 km. Salyut 3 had a total mass of about 18 to 19 tons. It had two solar panels laterally mounted on the center of the station and a detachable recovery module for the return of research data and materials. Only one of the three intended crews successfully boarded and manned the station, brought by Soyuz 14; Soyuz 15 attempted to bring a second crew but failed to dock. Nevertheless, it was an overall success. The station's orbit decayed, and it re-entered the atmosphere on January 24, 1975.
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[edit] Mission
Salyut 3 was the first space station to maintain constant orientation relative to the Earth surface. To achieve that, as many as 500,000 firings of the attitude control thrusters had been performed.
It tested a wide variety of reconnaissance sensors. On September 23, 1974, the station's recovery module was released and re-entered, being recovered by the Soviets.
[edit] "Self-defense" gun
Some sources claim that on January 24, 1975 (after the station was ordered to deorbit) trials of the on-board 23 mm Nudelmann aircraft cannon (other sources say it was a Nudelmann NR-30 30 mm gun) were conducted with positive results at ranges from 500 m to 3000 m.[1] Cosmonauts had confirmed that a target satellite was destroyed in the test.[citation needed] Firings were conducted in the direction opposite to the station's velocity vector, in order to shorten the "orbital life" of the cannon's shells. A total of three firings were conducted during the flight of the Salyut 3.
[edit] Payload
- Agat-1 photo-camera, with a focal length of 6,375 millimeters and a resolution better than 3 meters.
- OD-5 optical visor,
- POU panoramic device
- Topographical camera
- Star camera
- Volga infrared camera with a resolution of 100 meters
- Pingvin exercise suit
- Priboy water regeneration system
[edit] Specifications
- Length - 14.55 m
- Maximum diameter - 4.15 m
- Habitable volume - 90 m³
- Weight at launch - 18,900 kg
- Launch vehicle - Proton (three-stage)
- Number of solar arrays - 2
- Resupply carriers - Soyuz Ferry
- Number of docking ports - 1
- Total manned missions - 2
- Total long-duration manned missions - 1
- Number of main engines - 2
- Main engine thrust (each) - 400 kgf (3.9 kN)
[edit] Visiting spacecraft and crews
| Expedition | Crew | Launch Date | Flight Up | Landing Date | Flight Down | Duration (Days) | Notes |
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| Soyuz 14 | Yuri Artyukhin, Pavel Popovich | July 3, 1974 18:51:08 UTC | Soyuz 14 | July 19, 1974 12:21:36 UTC | Soyuz 14 | 15.73 | Launch from Baikonur; landing 140 km southeast of Dzhezkazgan; docking with spacestation; transfer into the space station and staying time of 14 days; presumable military activities (observation of rocket-bases) and some medical and biological experiments. |
| Soyuz 15 | Lev Demin, Gennadi Sarafanov | August 26, 1974 | Soyuz 15 | August 28, 1974 | Soyuz 15 | 0 | Failed Docking |
[edit] See also
- Space station for statistics of occupied space stations
- Salyut
- TKS spacecraft
- Almaz
- Mir
- Skylab
- International Space Station
[edit] References
- http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1974-046A
- Soviet Space Stations as Analogs - NASA report (PDF format)
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