Royal Victorian Order

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See also: CVO

Royal Victorian Order
Breast Star of the Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Awarded by Queen of the United Kingdom
Type	Order (decoration)
Motto	Victoria
Day	20 June
Eligibility	All living Commonwealth citizens
Awarded for	Personal service to the sovereign.
Status	Currently constituted
Sovereign	Elizabeth II
Grades	Knight or Dame Grand Cross, Knight or Dame Commander, Commander, Lieutenant, Member
Statistics
Established	1896
Precedence
Next (higher)	Distinguished Service Order
Next (lower)	Order of Merit

The Royal Victorian Order is a house order of chivalry in the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms that was established by Queen Victoria on 21 April 1896.

The order includes five classes, in order of seniority:

1. Knight or Dame Grand Cross (GCVO)
2. Knight Commander (KCVO) or Dame Commander (DCVO)
3. Commander (CVO)
4. Lieutenant (LVO)
5. Member (MVO)

The order's day is 20 June, the date of Queen Victoria's accession, and the motto is Victoria. The order is the second-most junior order of chivalry in the British honours system (in terms of both age and precedence), senior only to The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, and is the fourth-most senior order in the Canadian honours system, senior only to the Order of St. John.

Contents 1 Composition 2 Membership 3 Precedence and privileges 4 History 5 Vestments and accoutrements 6 Chapel 7 Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross 7.1 Revocation 8 See also 9 References

[edit] Composition

The monarch is the Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all other members of the order. The next-most senior member is the Grand Master. Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, was Grand Master since the creation of the office in 1937 until her death in 2002, after which Queen Elizabeth II appointed her daughter, The Princess Royal, to the office in 2007.^[1] Formerly, Lieutenants and Members of the order were known as Members (fourth class) and Members (fifth class), respectively; the name change was made in 1984.

The order has five officials: the Chancellor, the Secretary, the Registrar, the Chaplain and the Genealogist. The Lord Chamberlain serves as Chancellor, the Keeper of the Privy Purse and Treasurer to the Queen serves as Secretary, the Secretary to the Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood serves as Registrar and the Chaplain of The Queen's Chapel of the Savoy serves as Chaplain.

[edit] Membership

Membership is conferred on those who performed personal service for the sovereign; membership is not subject to any numerical limits. Women have been eligible for membership since 1936, and foreigners may be admitted to the order as "honorary members." Normally, honorary memberships are bestowed by the sovereign during his or her visits overseas.

[edit] Precedence and privileges

All British members of all classes of the order are assigned positions in the United Kingdom order of precedence; wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders; relatives of Dames, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives.

Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders are entitled to prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commanders prefix Dame, to their forenames. Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. As admission to these top two levels of the order provide for an honorary prefix, Canadians normally are not appointed to these classes as long as the monarch's Canadian ministry adheres to the Nickle Resolution of 1919. Furthermore, honorary members and clergymen do not use the accolade of knighthood. Retiring deans of St George's Chapel, Windsor, and Dean of Westminster Abbey, both Royal Peculiars, for example, are customarily awarded KCVO.

Knights and Dames Grand Cross use the post-nominal letters GCVO, Knights Commanders KCVO, Dames Commanders DCVO, Commanders CVO, Lieutenants LVO and Members MVO. (When Lieutenants were known as Members of the Fourth Class, they also used MVO. This was confusing because it was not immediately apparent whether a person was an MVO Class IV or an MVO Class V, thus affecting the order of post-nominals. On 31 December, 1984, Queen Elizabeth II declared that the MVO Class IV would henceforth be Lieutenants, with the post-nominals LVO.) Recipients of the Royal Victorian Medal use RVM.

Knights and Dames Grand Cross are also entitled to receive heraldic supporters. They may, furthermore, encircle their arms with a depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights and Dames Commanders and Commanders may display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet.

[edit] History

The order was created at a time when most general honours were bestowed by the sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister and other ministers. The Royal Victorian Order, however, has always been within the personal gift of the sovereign. The two most senior orders of chivalry — The Most Noble Order of the Garter and The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle — were always within the sovereign's personal gift, since medieval times, and were limited by ancient regulation to a combined forty commoner-members. The creation of this junior — and personal — order of knighthood allowed the sovereign to bestow honours directly for personal service to a much wider community world-wide, at a time when the British Empire was at its zenith.

It is no coincidence that the order was established a year before Queen Victoria celebrated her Diamond Jubilee; the year gave the Queen the opportunity to put together her first lists of recipients.

[edit] Vestments and accoutrements

Knights and Dames Grand Cross wear an elaborate costume on important occasions, such as quadrennial services and coronations:

• The mantle is a dark blue satin robe, edged with red satin. On the left side is a representation of the star (see below).
• The collar, made of gold, is also worn only by Knights and Dames Grand Cross. It consists of octagonal pieces alternating with oblong frames. Each octagonal piece depicts a gold rose on a blue field. Each frame contains one of the following inscriptions: Victoria, Britt. Reg. (Queen of the Britains), Def. Fid. (Defender of the Faith) and Ind. Imp. (Empress of India). In the centre is a medallion bearing Victoria's effigy. This collar is not to be confused with the Royal Victorian Chain, which is a decoration that is not a part of the Royal Victorian Order.

Other insignia are:

• The star is only worn by the Knights and Dames Grand Cross, and the Knights and Dames Commanders. It is worn pinned to the left breast. For Knights and Dames Grand Cross the star is an eight-pointed silver star, with a white enamelled Maltese Cross at the centre; for Knights and Dames Commanders it is an eight-pointed silver Maltese Cross, with silver rays between the arms, and a smaller frosted silver Maltese Cross at the centre. In both cases the oval-shaped central medallion depicts Victoria's royal and imperial cypher, VRI (Victoria Regina Imperatrice) on a red background, surrounded by a crown-surmounted blue ring bearing the motto of the Order.
• The badge is the only insignia used by all members of the Order; it is suspended on a blue ribbon with red-white-red edges. Knights and Dames Grand Cross wear it on a riband or sash, passing from the right shoulder to the left hip. Male Knight Commanders and Commanders wear the badge from a ribbon around the neck; male Lieutenants and Members wear it from a ribbon on the left chest; all female grades (other than Dames Grand Cross) wear it from a bow on the left shoulder. The badge is in the form of a Maltese Cross; on an oval-shaped central medallion, the same design that appears on the star is depicted. The size of the badges varies by rank: the higher classes have slightly larger badges. Lieutenants and Members have badges of the same size, but the badges of Lieutenants (and members of all higher classes) are enamelled, while the badges of Members are made of frosted silver.
• The Royal Victorian Medal shows Victoria's effigy on the obverse, and the words "Royal Victorial Medal" on a scroll beneath Victoria's royal and imperial cypher on the reverse. It is worn in the same fashion as the badge: from a ribbon on the left chest in the case of men, and from a bow on the left shoulder in the case of women. Except for honorary awards, the ribbon is the same as the ribbon of the Order. Honorary awards of the Royal Victorian Medal may be made to foreigners and are denoted by a white stripe down the centre of the ribbon.

On certain collar days designated by the sovereign, Knights and Dames Grand Cross attending formal events may wear the Order's collar over their military uniform or evening wear. When collars are worn (either on collar days or on formal occasions such as coronations), the badge is suspended from the collar. Collars are returned upon the death of their owners, but other insignia may be retained.

[edit] Chapel

The chapel of the Order since 1938 is The Queen's Chapel of the Savoy, in central London - a Royal Peculiar. Every four years the order holds a religious service in St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle; St George's is used instead of Savoy because it can accommodate more people.

The Sovereign and the Knights and Dames Grand Cross are allotted stalls in the choir of the Chapel of the Savoy. To the back of the stall is affixed a piece of brass (a stall plate), displaying its occupant's name, arms and date of admission into the order. Upon the death of the occupant the stall plate is not removed and so the stalls of the chapel are festooned with a colourful record of the order's Knights and Dames Grand Cross since 1938. There is insufficient room in the chapel for banners and other heraldic devices of the Knights and Dames Grand Cross to be displayed.

[edit] Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross

• Sovereign: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
• Knights and Dames Grand Cross:
  • HRH Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (1960)
  • HRH Princess Alexandra, The Hon Lady Ogilvy (1960)
  • The Rt Hon The Earl of Snowdon GCVO, RDI (7 July, 1969)
  • HRH The Princess Anne, Princess Royal (1974)
  • HRH Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester (1974)
  • HRH The Duchess of Kent (1977)
  • Sir Oliver Wright GCMG GCVO DSC (1978)
  • Sir Zelman Cowen AK GCMG GCVO QC (1980)
  • Her Grace The Duchess of Grafton GCVO (1980)
  • Grand Chief Sir Tore Lokoloko GCL, GCMG, GCVO, OBE (1985)
  • The Rt Hon Sir Ninian Martin Stephen KG, AK, GCMG, GCVO, KBE, QC (1982)
  • The Rt Hon The Lord Moore of Wolvercote GCB, GCVO, CMG, QSO, PC (1983)
  • Sir Clement Athelston Arrindell GCMG GCVO QC (1985)
  • The Rt. Revd. The Hon. Sir Paul Alfred Reeves ONZ GCMG GCVO CF QSO (1986)
  • HRH Princess Richard, Duchess of Gloucester (1989)
  • Sir Antony Arthur Acland KG GCMG GCVO (1991)
  • Sir Clifford Darling GCVO (1991)
  • Sir Ewen Alastair John Fergusson GCMG GCVO (1992)
  • Rear-Admiral Sir Paul Greening GCVO (1992)
  • Sir Christopher Mallaby GCMG GCVO (1992)
  • Sir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke ON GCMG GCVO CD (1994)
  • The Rt Hon The Lord Waddington GCVO PC QC DL (1994)
  • Sir Robert Corbett GCVO CB (1994)
  • Sir Brian Fall GCVO KCMG (1994)
  • Sir Matthew Farrer GCVO (1994)
  • The Hon Dame Catherine Tizard ONZ GCMG GCVO DBE QSO (1995)
  • Sir Geoffrey de Bellaigue GCVO (1996)
  • The Rt Hon The Lord Fellowes GCB GCVO QSO PC (1996)
  • Sir Shane Blewitt GCVO (1996)
  • Captain Sir Alastair Sturgis Aird GCVO (1997)
  • Major-General Sir Simon Cooper GCVO (2000)
  • The Rt Hon The Lord Luce KG GCVO PC DL (2000)
  • Sir Brian Henry McGrath GCVO (2000)
  • Sir Hew Fleetwood Hamilton-Dalrymple Bt GCVO (2001)
  • The Rt Hon The Lord Sterling of Plaistow GCVO CBE (2002)
  • The Rt Hon The Earl of Crawford and Balcarres KT GCVO PC (2002)
  • HRH Prince Michael of Kent (2003)
  • Sir John Eaton Holmes GCVO KBE CMG (2004)
  • Sir Peter James Torry GCVO KCMG (2004)
  • Sir (Walter Hugh) Malcolm Ross GCVO OBE (2005)
  • The Rt Hon The Earl Peel GCVO PC DL (2006)
  • The Rt Hon The Lord Janvrin GCB GCVO PC (2007)

[edit] Revocation

• Anthony Blunt, a former surveyor of the Queen’s Pictures, was stripped of his knighthood in 1979 after it was revealed that he had been a spy.
• William Pottinger, a senior civil servant, lost both his membership in the Order of the Bath and Royal Victorian Order in 1975 when he was jailed for corruptly receiving gifts from the architect John Poulson.
• Cyril Littlewood was stripped of his MVO after being convicted of sexual abuse in 2004.

[edit] See also

• Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
• Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
• Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
• Category:Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order
• Category:Members of the Royal Victorian Order
• Royal Victorian Chain
• Royal Victorian Medal
• List of people who have declined a British honour
• Australian knights and dames

[edit] References