Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Romanian Cyrillic | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Alphabet | |
| Spoken languages | Romanian | |
| Time period | 14th–19th centuries | |
| Parent systems | Phoenician alphabet → Greek alphabet → Glagolitic alphabet → Cyrillic → Romanian Cyrillic |
|
| Sister systems | Moldovan alphabet | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was used to write Romanian language before 1860–1862, when it was officially replaced by a Latin-based alphabet, although Cyrillic remained in occasional use until circa 1920. It is not the same as the Russian-based Moldovan alphabet used in Moldavian ASSR since 1926, and then in the Moldavian SSR between 1940 and 1989.
Between its discarding and the full adoption of the Latin alphabet, a so-called transitional alphabet, was in place for a few years (it combined Cyrillic and Latin letters, and included some of the Latin letters with diacritics which came to be used in Romanian spelling).
[edit] Table of correspondence
| Letter | Numerical Value |
Romanian Latin Equivalent |
Transitional Alphabet |
Phoneme | Name in Romanian[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| А а | 1 | a | A a | /a/ | Az |
| Б Б | b | Б Б | /b/ | Buche | |
| В в | 2 | v | В в | /v/ | Vede |
| Г г | 3 | g, gh | G g | /g/ | Glagol |
| Д д | 4 | d | D d | /d/ | Dobru |
| Є є, Е e[2] | 5 | e | E e | /e/ | Est |
| Ж ж | j | Ж ж | /ʒ/ | Juvete | |
| Ѕ ѕ | 6 | dz | Ḑ ḑ | /dz/ | Zalu |
| З з | 7 | z | Z z | /z/ | Zemle |
| И и | 8 | i | I i | /i/ | Ije |
| Й й[3] | i | Ĭ ĭ | /j/, /ʲ/ | ||
| І і[4] | 10 | i | I i | /i/ | I |
| К к | 20 | c, ch | K k | /k/ | Kaku |
| Л л | 30 | l | L l | /l/ | Liude |
| М м | 40 | m | M m | /m/ | Mislete |
| N N | 50 | n | N n | /n/ | Naş |
| Ѻ Ѻ, О o[2] | 70 | o | O o | /o̯/ | On |
| П п | 80 | p | П п | /p/ | Pocoi |
| Р р | 100 | r | Р р | /r/ | Râţă |
| С с | 200 | s | S s | /s/ | Slovă |
| Т т | 300 | t | T t | /t/ | Tferdu |
| Ѹ ѹ, ОУ оу[2] | 400 | u | У Ȣ | /u/ | Upsilon |
| Ѹ Ȣ, У Ȣ[2] | u | У Ȣ | /u/ | Ucu | |
| Ф ф | 500 | f | F f | /f/ | Fârta |
| Х х | 600 | h | Х х | /h/ | Heru |
| Ѡ ѡ[5] | 800 | o | O o | /o/ | Omega |
| Щ щ | şt | Щ щ | /ʃt/ | Ştea | |
| Ц ц | 900 | ţ | Ц ц | /ʦ/ | Ţi |
| Ч ч | 90 | c (before e, i) | Ч ч | /ʧ/ | Cervu |
| Ш ш | ş | Ш ш | /ʃ/ | Şa | |
| Ъ ъ | ă, ŭ[6] | Ъ ъ | /ə/ | Ier | |
| Ы ы | â, î, ĭ, ŭ[6] | Î î | /ɨ/ | Ieri | |
| Ь ь | ă, ŭ, ĭ[6] | — | — | ||
| Ѣ ѣ | ea | Ea ea | /æ/ | Eati(u) | |
| Ю ю | iu | Iɣ iɣ Ĭɣ ĭɣ | /ju/ | Io / Iu | |
| Ѩ ѩ, IA[2] | ia | Ia ia | /ja/ | ia | |
| Ѥ ѥ, IE[2] | ie | Ie ie | /je/ | ||
| Ѧ ѧ | ĭa, ea[6] | Ia ia, Ea ea | /ja/, /æ/ | Ia | |
| Ѫ ѫ | î | Î î | /ɨ/ | ||
| Ѯ ѯ[7] | 60 | x | Ks ks | /ks/ | Csi |
| Ѱ ѱ[7] | 700 | ps | Пs пs | /ps/ | Psi |
| Ѳ ѳ[7] | 9 | th, ft | T t, Ft ft | /t/ and approx. /θ/ | Thita |
| Ѵ ѵ[7] | 400 | i, u | I i; У ɣ | /i/, /y/, /v/ | |
| ↑ ↑ | în îm | În în Îm îm | /ɨn/, /ɨm/ | În | |
| Џ џ | g (before e, i) | Џ џ | /ʤ/ | Gea |
 Usual letter formats and Romanian equivalents |
 The oldest surviving document in Romanian: Neacşu's Letter, a trader from Câmpulung, sent to the mayor of Braşov (1521) |
 The Lord's Prayer, in an 1850s religious document |
 Transitional alphabet (fragment of Dimitrie Bolintineanu's Călătorii pe Dunăre şi în Bulgaria, 1858) |
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ According to Costache Negruzzi, "Cum am învăţat româneşte", first published in Curier de Ambe Sexe, I, nr. 22, p.337–343
- ^ a b c d e f Initial vs. non-initial shapes: Є/Е, Ѻ/О, Ѹ/У, IA/Ѧ.
- ^ Й is hardly a separate letter of the alphabet; the letters Ю, Ȣ and Ѡ also accept a brevity sign.
- ^ In loanwords of Greek origin (or ones adopted through the Greek language), letters И and І correspond to eta and iota, respectively. In the words of Romanian origin and in Slavic loanwords, their usage follows pre-1917 Russian rules, namely, І before vowels, otherwise И.
- ^ The distinction of Ѡ and О is present not only in loanwords, but in Romanian words as well.
- ^ a b c d Letters ĭ and ŭ represent a barely spoken/heard i or u.
- ^ a b c d Letters Ѯ, Ѱ, Ѳ and Ѵ are used for copying Greek spelling of loanwords (especially for names and toponyms).
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