Richard Norman Shaw
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Richard Norman Shaw RA (Edinburgh May 7, 1831 – London November 17, 1912), was the most influential British architect from the 1870s to the 1900s, known for his country houses and for commercial buildings.
He trained in the London office of William Burn and with George Edmund Street and attended the Royal Academy classes, receiving a thorough grounding in classicism and met William Eden Nesfield, with who he was briefly in partnership. In 1854 – 1856 he traveled with a Royal Academy scholarship, collecting sketches that were published as Architectural Sketches from the Continent, 1858.
In 1863, after sixteen years of training, he opened a practice, for a short time with Nesfield. In 1872, Shaw was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy.
He worked, among others, for the artist, John Callcott Horsley, and the industrialist, Lord Armstrong. He designed large houses such as Cragside and Grim's Dyke, as well as a series of commercial buildings in a wide range of styles.
Shaw was elected to the Royal Academy in 1877, and co-edited (with Sir Thomas Jackson RA) the 1892 collection of essays, Architecture, a profession or an Art?[1]. He firmly believed it was an art. In later years, Shaw moved to a heavier classical style which influenced the emerging Edwardian Classicism of the early 20th century. Shaw died in London, where he had designed residential buildings in areas such as Pont Street, and public buildings such as Scotland Yard.
Besides the large country houses he is associated with, he also built and restored several churches, the best known of which are St. John's Church, Leeds; St. Margaret's, Ilkley, and All Saints, Leek.
His picturesque early country houses avoided the current Neo-Gothic and the academic styles, reviving vernacular materials like half timber and hanging tiles, with projecting gables and tall massive chimneys with "inglenooks" for warm seating. The result was free and fresh, not slavishly imitating his Jacobean and vernacular models, yet warmly familiar, a parallel to the Arts and Crafts movement. Richard Norman Shaw's houses soon attracted the misnomer the "Queen Anne style". As his powers developed, he dropped some of the mannered detailing, his buildings gained in dignity, and had acquired an air of serenity and a quiet homely charm which were less conspicuous in his earlier works; half timber construction was more sparingly used, and finally disappeared entirely.
His work is characterised by ingenious open planning, the Great Hall or "sitting hall," with a staircase running up the side that became familiar in mass-producing housing of the 1890s.
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[edit] Built work
- Glen Andred, at Groombridge, Kent, England, 1867
- Leyswood, at Groombridge, Kent, England, 1866–1869
- Cragside, at Rothbury, Northumberland, England, 1869/1870–1885
- Preen Manor, Shropshire
- New Zealand Chambers], Leadenhall Street, London, c1870–80
- Pierrepont, Wispers, and Merrist Wood, Surrey
- Lowther Lodge, Kensington, London ,1873–1875
- 6 Ellerdale Road, Hampstead, London, built for himself
- House of Bethany, St Clement's Road, Bournemouth, Dorset 1874-1875
- Old Swan House, 17 Chelsea Embankment, London, 1875–1877
- Bedford Park, London, the first "garden city" suburban development: housing, including St Michael and All Angels Church, 1879–1882
- Albert Hall Mansions, at Kensington Gore, London, England, 1879–1886
- Adcote, Little Ness, Shropshire, 1876–1881
- Savoy Theatre, London, 1881
- small London houses at Kensington, Chelsea, and Hampstead
- Flete House, Devonshire
- Greenham Lodge, Berkshire
- Dawpool, Cheshire
- Bryanston, Dorset
- Chesters, Northumberland
- New Scotland Yard, on the Thames Embankment, London, 1887–1900 (Built to house Scotland Yard, now known as the Norman Shaw Building and used as Parliamentary offices)
- Piccadilly Hotel, Piccadilly Circus, London, England, 1905 to 1908; his last work
- Albion House, Liverpool, James Street, Liverpool, 1896–1898
- House for Kate Greenaway, Frognal, London, 1885
- Swanscombe Church in Kent
- White Lodge and White Lodge West, Bingley, West Yorkshire
[edit] Other work
- ^ Richard Norman Shaw, editor: Architecture: A profession or an art: thirteen short essays on the qualifications and training of architects, London, Murray, 1892. Contributors include: R. Norman Shaw, J.T. Micklethwaite, Reginald Blomfield, G.F. Bodley, Mervyn Macartney, Ernest Newton, Edward S. Prior, John R. Clayton, Basil Champneys, W.R. Lethaby, W.B. Richmond, Gerald Horsley and T.G. Jackson.
[edit] External links
- Great Buildings on-line: Richard Norman Shaw
- Illustrations of Adcote
[edit] References
- Andrew Saint, Richard Norman Shaw, 1976. ISBN 0-300-01955-6.
