Richard L. Walker

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This article deals with Richard L. "Dixie" Walker, American scholar and ambassador. For other Richard Walkers, see: Richard Walker. For baseball player Fred E. "Dixie" Walker, see Dixie Walker.

Richard Louis "Dixie" Walker (13 April 1922 – 22 July 2003) was an American scholar, author, and ambassador to South Korea. He was married to the late Celeno Kenly Walker for 45 years and had three children. His Chinese name was 吳克 (Wú Kè) and in Korean was transliterated as 리처드 워커 (Richadeu Wokeo).

Walker was born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. He received his B.A. degree in 1944 from Drew University and his M.A. in 1947 and Ph. D. in 1950 from Yale University. He served in the United States Army in World War II from 1943-1946 and, drawing on a family missionary background and intensive language training while serving in the Army, he became Mandarin Chinese language interpreter with General Douglas MacArthur's headquarters in the Pacific Theater of Operations. He later served in the Korean War as well.

After his military service, Walker was on the faculty of Yale University until 1957 when he moved to Columbia, South Carolina to organize a new program in international studies at the University of South Carolina (USC) that he headed until 1972. In 1961, he founded the Institute of International Studies and headed it until 1981 as it grew into a preeminent national and international center of research, conferences, consultation and publications. In 1996 the Institute was re-named the Richard L. Walker Institute in his honor.

In 1981, Walker was chosen by President Ronald Reagan to serve as his ambassador to the Republic of Korea. After unanimous confirmation by the U. S. Senate, he served with distinction at that post until 1986, longer than any other American ambassador. He was partly responsible for securing the release of the imprisoned dissident Kim Dae-jung who was under sentence of death and who would later become president of South Korea. For this and other efforts, he received recognition from President Reagan and was awarded the highest civilian decoration of the U.S. Department of Defense. Reagan wrote to him, "You have transformed quiet diplomacy into a fine art."

Following his tenure as ambassador, he returned to the USC and retired as the James F. Byrnes Professor Emeritus of International Studies and Ambassador-in-Residence at the University and was academically active until his death.

Walker's life focused on study, writing, and involvement in East Asia. On several occasions he lived there with his family in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. He traveled frequently over many years to countries in East and Southeast Asia for service with the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Information Agency. Walker was the author of seventeen books, a contributor to more than 70 others and author of numerous articles and reviews. In his research and writing he focused especially on cultural factors in international relations. In his 1956 China Under Communism: The First Five Years, Walker was early to recognize the suffering and atrocities occurring under in the communist People's Republic of China and argued that, in the long term, communism was incompatible within Chinese culture.

A major part of his academic significance is that he tried to some extent to stand between the two competing sides during the period of McCarthyism, intense anti-communist suspicions in the United States from the late 1940s to the late 1950s. However, as he describes in a 1998 memoir, he still faced with academic ostracization for his perceived anti-Communist China bias.^[1]

In addition to his service at USC, where he held its first endowed professorship, Walker had a number of visiting academic appointments from universities including the University of Washington, National Taiwan University, Kyoto and Kyoto Sangyo University in Japan. He also served on the faculty of the U.S. National War College in Washington, D.C. of which he was a graduate, and he lectured at academic centers in Europe, Asia and Australia. He also received awards for his contributions to the educational programs of the Department of State and Department of Defense. Walker received honorary degrees from Drew University, The Citadel, Seoul National University, and USC. He was also honored by the Republic of China on Taiwan with the Order of the Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon. He was president of the American Association for China Studies from 1995-1997.